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Devine's 1989 study, Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components, [5] received the prestigious Scientific Impact Award from the Society of Experimental Social Psychology, recognizing her paper's lasting impact that fundamentally altered the landscape of prejudice and stereotyping research. [6]
Ambivalent prejudice is a social psychological theory that states that, when people become aware that they have conflicting beliefs about an outgroup (a group of people that do not belong to an individual's own group), they experience an unpleasant mental feeling generally referred to as cognitive dissonance.
Integrated threat theory (ITT), also known as intergroup threat theory, [1] is a theory in psychology and sociology which attempts to describe the components of perceived threat that lead to prejudice between social groups.
The word "prejudice" can also refer to unfounded or pigeonholed beliefs [3] [4] and it may apply to "any unreasonable attitude that is unusually resistant to rational influence". [5] Gordon Allport defined prejudice as a "feeling, favorable or unfavorable, toward a person or thing, prior to, or not based on, actual experience". [6]
Intergroup approaches to prejudice reduction have been studied a great deal in laboratory settings, as well as outside of the laboratory, particularly in schools. [1] Many intergroup prejudice reduction approaches are grounded in one of 3 main theoretical perspectives: interdependence, [2] intergroup contact, [3] and social identity. [4]
Examples of proximal stressors include fear of rejection, rumination on previous experiences with prejudice, and distaste for one's own minority group following a prejudice event. [ 1 ] [ 23 ] Most research on this topic focuses on either sexual minorities or African Americans, and it is unclear whether the proximal stress processes are ...
Examples include the Cambodian genocide, the Final Solution in Nazi Germany, the Rwandan genocide, the Armenian genocide, and the genocide of the Hellenes. This scale should not be confused with the Religious Orientation Scale of Allport and Ross (1967), which is a measure of the maturity of an individual's religious conviction.
The basic rationale is that prejudice may be reduced as one learns more about a category of people. [1] Rothbart and John (1985) describe belief change through contact as "an example of the general cognitive process by which attributes of category members modify category attributes" (p. 82). [22]