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Evidence supports the rules as an accurate instrument for excluding fractures of the ankle and mid-foot, reducing the number of unnecessary investigations and length of stay in emergency departments. [3] The original study reported that the test was 100% sensitive and reduced the number of ankle X-rays by 36%. [4]
The mortise view is an AP x-ray taken with the ankle internally rotated 15-20 degrees since the foot is naturally externally rotated relative to the ankle. [9] In addition to these views, a full-length view of the tibia and fibula may be necessary to evaluate for injuries to the proximal fibula associated with Maisonneuve fractures .
The ankle, the talocrural region [1] or the jumping bone (informal) is the area where the foot and the leg meet. [2] The ankle includes three joints: the ankle joint proper or talocrural joint, the subtalar joint, and the inferior tibiofibular joint. [3] [4] [5] The movements produced at this joint are dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the ...
A skeletal survey (also called a bone survey [1]) is a series of X-rays of all the bones in the body, or at least the axial skeleton and the large cortical bones. A very common use is the diagnosis of multiple myeloma, where tumour deposits appear as "punched-out" lesions.
Hip-knee-ankle angle. On projectional radiography, the degree of varus or valgus deformity can be quantified by the hip-knee-ankle angle, [7] which is an angle between the femoral mechanical axis and the center of the ankle joint. [8] It is normally between 1.0° and 1.5° of varus in adults. [9] Normal ranges are different in children. [10]
A joint space of between 1.5 and 4 mm is regarded as normal. [15] Ankle osteoarthritis. For the ankle, the Kellgren–Lawrence scale, as described for the hip, has been recommended. [16] The distances between the bones in the ankle are normally as follows: [17] Talus - medial malleolus: 1.70 ± 0.13 mm; Talus - tibial plafond: 2.04 ± 0.29 mm
On projectional radiography, the degree of varus or valgus deformity can be quantified by the hip-knee-ankle angle, [7] which is an angle between the femoral mechanical axis and the center of the ankle joint. [8] It is normally between 1.0° and 1.5° of varus in adults. [9] Normal ranges are different in children. [10]
[11] [7] One common method based on x-rays of the hemiskeleton is the Sontag method. [24] This technique was created to avoid errors in estimating bone age thought to arise from focusing on only one area of the body. [24] The Sontag method uses x-rays of all the bones and joints of the upper and lower limbs on the left side of the body. [24]