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A simple general-purpose desktop power supply used in electronic labs, with power output connector seen at lower-left and power input connector (not shown) located at the rear Interior of high-end linear power supply with toroidal mains transformer. A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical load.
Now all modern computers use switched-mode power supplies, which are lighter, less costly, and more efficient than equivalent linear power supplies. Computer power supplies may have short circuit protection, overpower (overload) protection, over-voltage protection, under-voltage protection, over-current protection, and over-temperature protection.
Comparison of a linear power supply and a switched-mode power supply Linear power supply Switching power supply Notes Size and weight: 0.12 W/cm 3, 88 W/kg [28] Smaller than linear power supply. Compared to linear, a SMPS that is 20 kHz is 1/4, 100–200 kHz is 1/8, and 200 kHz–1 MHz types can be even smaller. [28]: 5–8
Linear variable bench power supplies have existed since longer ago, dating back at least to the 1980s. [6] [7] [8] Linear power supplies typically make clicking sounds while adjusting the voltage, caused by adjustment between transformer taps. This is done to reduce energy wasted to heat by widening or narrowing the selected section of the ...
When the supply voltage is less than about 2 V above the desired output voltage, as is the case in low-voltage microprocessor power supplies, so-called low dropout regulators (LDOs) must be used. When the output regulated voltage must be higher than the available input voltage, no linear regulator will work (not even a low dropout regulator).
The prime purpose of foldback current limiting in linear power supplies is to keep the output transistor within its safe power dissipation limit. A linear regulator dissipates the difference between input and output voltages as heat. Under overload conditions, the output voltage falls, so the difference becomes larger, thus increasing dissipation.
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