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Let (x, y, z) be the standard Cartesian coordinates, and (ρ, θ, φ) the spherical coordinates, with θ the angle measured away from the +Z axis (as , see conventions in spherical coordinates). As φ has a range of 360° the same considerations as in polar (2 dimensional) coordinates apply whenever an arctangent of it is taken. θ has a range ...
CORDIC (coordinate rotation digital computer), Volder's algorithm, Digit-by-digit method, Circular CORDIC (Jack E. Volder), [1] [2] Linear CORDIC, Hyperbolic CORDIC (John Stephen Walther), [3] [4] and Generalized Hyperbolic CORDIC (GH CORDIC) (Yuanyong Luo et al.), [5] [6] is a simple and efficient algorithm to calculate trigonometric functions, hyperbolic functions, square roots ...
A point P has coordinates (x, y) with respect to the original system and coordinates (x′, y′) with respect to the new system. [1] In the new coordinate system, the point P will appear to have been rotated in the opposite direction, that is, clockwise through the angle . A rotation of axes in more than two dimensions is defined similarly.
Computer programming or coding is the composition of sequences of instructions, called programs, that computers can follow to perform tasks. [1] [2] It involves designing and implementing algorithms, step-by-step specifications of procedures, by writing code in one or more programming languages.
Coordinate descent is an optimization algorithm that successively minimizes along coordinate directions to find the minimum of a function.At each iteration, the algorithm determines a coordinate or coordinate block via a coordinate selection rule, then exactly or inexactly minimizes over the corresponding coordinate hyperplane while fixing all other coordinates or coordinate blocks.
The "decimal" data type of the C# and Python programming languages, and the decimal formats of the IEEE 754-2008 standard, are designed to avoid the problems of binary floating-point representations when applied to human-entered exact decimal values, and make the arithmetic always behave as expected when numbers are printed in decimal.
The Z-ordering can be used to efficiently build a quadtree (2D) or octree (3D) for a set of points. [4] [5] The basic idea is to sort the input set according to Z-order.Once sorted, the points can either be stored in a binary search tree and used directly, which is called a linear quadtree, [6] or they can be used to build a pointer based quadtree.
For the other direction, given a solver for the decision problem, the search version can be solved as follows: Recover one coordinate at a time. To obtain the first coordinate, s 1 {\displaystyle \mathbf {s} _{1}} , make a guess k ∈ Z q {\displaystyle k\in \mathbb {Z} _{q}} , and do the following.