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  2. Culpability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culpability

    "Culpability means, first and foremost, direct involvement in the wrongdoing, such as through participation or instruction", as compared with responsibility merely arising from "failure to supervise or to maintain adequate controls or ethical culture". [4] Modern criminal codes in the United States usually make distinct four degrees of culpability.

  3. Criminal negligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_negligence

    The degree of culpability is determined by applying a reasonable-person standard. Criminal negligence becomes "gross" when the failure to foresee involves a "wanton disregard for human life" (see the definitions of corporate manslaughter and in many common law jurisdictions of gross negligence manslaughter ).

  4. Preterintention - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preterintention

    Preterintention in criminal law is a degree of culpability in which a defendant intended to commit a crime but also unintentionally committed a more serious crime. It derives from the legal Latin phrase praeter intentionem, which means "beyond intention". [1]

  5. Element (criminal law) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Element_(criminal_law)

    In most common law jurisdictions, an element of a crime is one of a set of facts that must all be proven to convict a defendant of a crime. Before a court finds a defendant guilty of a criminal offense, the prosecution must present evidence that, even when opposed by any evidence the defense may choose, is credible and sufficient to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant committed ...

  6. Weir-Rodgers v SF Trust Ltd - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weir-Rodgers_v_SF_Trust_Ltd

    The Supreme Court faced two primary questions: first, the degree of culpability necessary to trigger liability under Section 4; and, second, how to characterise the culpability, if any, that attached to the defendant's failure to erect a warning notice at the relevant location. [3]

  7. Strict liability (criminal) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strict_liability_(criminal)

    In criminal law, strict liability is liability for which mens rea (Law Latin for "guilty mind") does not have to be proven in relation to one or more elements comprising the actus reus ("guilty act") although intention, recklessness or knowledge may be required in relation to other elements of the offense (Preterintentionally [1] [2] /ultraintentional [3] /versari in re illicita).

  8. Mens rea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mens_rea

    In criminal law, mens rea (/ ˈ m ɛ n z ˈ r eɪ ə /; Law Latin for "guilty mind" [1]) is the mental state of a defendant who is accused of committing a crime. In common law jurisdictions, most crimes require proof both of mens rea and actus reus ("guilty act") before the defendant can be found guilty.

  9. Error of impunity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_of_impunity

    Forst argues that a variety of social costs are incurred as the number of culpable offenders set free increases: public safety and the quality of life are compromised, the credibility of deterrent effectiveness is lost, and citizens become increasingly inclined to perceive injustices to victims and alienation from the police and courts, if not from government generally.

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