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The Constitution of 3 May 1791, [1] [a] titled the Government Act, [b] was a written constitution for the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that was adopted by the Great Sejm that met between 1788 and 1792.
The Polish Constitution of 3 May 1791 (Polish: Konstytucja Trzeciego Maja) is called the first constitution in Europe by historian Norman Davies. [4] It was instituted by the Government Act (Polish: Ustawa rządowa) adopted on that date by the Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Great, or Four-Year, Sejm (1788–92) and Senate adopt Constitution of 3 May 1791 at the Royal Castle in Warsaw.. The Great Sejm, also known as the Four-Year Sejm (Polish: Sejm Wielki or Sejm Czteroletni; Lithuanian: Didysis seimas or Ketverių metų seimas) was a Sejm (parliament) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that was held in Warsaw between 1788 and 1792.
The Constitution of 3 May 1791 is considered one of the most important achievements in the history of Poland, despite being in effect for only a year, until the Russo-Polish War of 1792. Historian Norman Davies calls it "the first constitution of its type in Europe"; other scholars also refer to it as the world's second oldest constitution.
The constitution states that the president is an elected office, there is no directly elected presidential line of succession. If the president is unable to execute their powers and duties, the marshal of the Sejm will have the powers of a president for a maximum of 60 days until elections are called.
The next election of a Polish king had occurred in 1386, with the selection of Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila), Grand Duke of Lithuania, as the first king of Poland's second dynasty. [5] The electors chose Władysław II Jagiełło as king, and he married a daughter of Louis I, Jadwiga of Poland , but had no promise that his dynasty would ...
Bier of Gabriel Narutowicz, the first President of Poland, who was assassinated in 1922. Among the chief difficulties faced by the government of the new Polish republic was the lack of an integrated infrastructure among the formerly separate partitions, a deficiency that disrupted industry, transportation, trade, and other areas. [99]
The Cambridge History of Poland (two vols., 1941–1950) online edition vol 1 to 1696 Archived 2008-02-13 at the Wayback Machine; Butterwick, Richard, ed. The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, c. 1500-1795. Palgrave, 2001. 249 pp. online edition Archived 2008-05-04 at the Wayback Machine; Davies, Norman.