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The banking authorities, whether central or not, "monetize" the deficit, printing money to pay for the government's efforts to survive. The hyperinflation under the Chinese Nationalists from 1939 to 1945 is a classic example of a government printing money to pay civil war costs. By the end, currency was flown in over the Himalayas, and then old ...
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The shortfall was largely addressed by printing more money. [29] The government's reliance on printing money to fund the war effort led to hyperinflation, with wholesale prices in Shanghai increasing fivefold from September 1945 to February 1946, and then thirtyfold the following year.
Debt monetization or monetary financing is the practice of a government borrowing money from the central bank to finance public spending instead of selling bonds to private investors or raising taxes. The central banks who buy government debt, are essentially creating new money in the process to do so.
Money printing may refer to: Money creation to increase the money supply; Debt monetization, financing the government by borrowing from the central bank, in effect creating new money; Security printing as applied to banknotes ("paper money") Quantitative easing, a type of monetary policy meant to lower interest rates
A wildcat bank is broadly defined as one that prints more currency than it is capable of continuously redeeming in specie. A more specific definition, established by historian of economics Hugh Rockoff in the 1970s, applies the term to free banks whose notes were backed by overvalued securities – bonds which were valued at par by the state, but which had a market value below par. [2]
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The debt problem was exacerbated by printing money without any economic resources to back it. [1] John Maynard Keynes characterised the inflationary policies of various wartime governments in his 1919 book The Economic Consequences of the Peace as follows: The inflationism of the currency systems of Europe has proceeded to extraordinary lengths.