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  2. Pressure tank - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_tank

    The diaphragm or bladder may itself exert a pressure on the water, but it is usually small and will be neglected in the following discussion. Case 1 is an empty tank at the charging pressure P c (gauge). The total volume of the tank is V t. Case 2 is a tank in use, with the air pressure at pressure P (gauge) and a water volume of V

  3. Temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature

    Plots of pressure vs temperature for three different gas samples extrapolated to absolute zero. The ideal gas law is based on observed empirical relationships between pressure (p), volume (V), and temperature (T), and was recognized long before the kinetic theory of gases was developed (see Boyle's and Charles's laws). The ideal gas law states ...

  4. Pressure measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_measurement

    Gauge pressure is zero-referenced against ambient air pressure, so it is equal to absolute pressure minus atmospheric pressure. A tire pressure gauge is an example of gauge pressure measurement; when it indicates zero, then the pressure it is measuring is the same as the ambient pressure.

  5. Charles's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles's_law

    However, the "absolute zero" on the Kelvin temperature scale was originally defined in terms of the second law of thermodynamics, which Thomson himself described in 1852. [8] Thomson did not assume that this was equal to the "zero-volume point" of Charles's law, merely said that Charles's law provided the minimum temperature which could be ...

  6. Glossary of engineering: A–L - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_engineering:_A–L

    is zero-referenced against a perfect vacuum, using an absolute scale, so it is equal to gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure. Absolute zero The lower limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale, a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reach their minimum value, taken as 0. Absolute zero is the point at which the ...

  7. Third law of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_law_of_thermodynamics

    At absolute zero (zero kelvins) the system must be in a state with the minimum possible energy. Entropy is related to the number of accessible microstates, and there is typically one unique state (called the ground state) with minimum energy. [1] In such a case, the entropy at absolute zero will be exactly zero.

  8. Potential temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_temperature

    The concept of potential temperature applies to any stratified fluid. It is most frequently used in the atmospheric sciences and oceanography. [2] The reason that it is used in both fields is that changes in pressure can result in warmer fluid residing under colder fluid – examples being dropping air temperature with altitude and increasing water temperature with depth in very deep ocean ...

  9. Ideal gas law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas_law

    The pressure and temperature of the gas are directly proportional: As temperature increases, the pressure of the propane gas increases by the same factor. A simple consequence of this proportionality is that on a hot summer day, the propane tank pressure will be elevated, and thus propane tanks must be rated to withstand such increases in pressure.

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