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R-labialization, which should not be confused with the rounding of initial /r/ described above, is a process occurring in certain dialects of English, particularly some varieties of Cockney, in which the /r/ phoneme is realized as a labiodental approximant [ʋ], in contrast to an alveolar approximant [ɹ].
The loss of postvocalic /r/ in the British prestige standard in the late 18th and the early 19th centuries influenced the American port cities with close connections to Britain, which caused upper-class pronunciation to become non-rhotic in many Eastern and Southern port cities such as New York City, Boston, Alexandria, Charleston, and Savannah. [9]
Rhotacism is a difficulty producing rhotic consonants sounds in the respective language's standard pronunciation. [2] [5] In Czech there is a specific type of rhotacism called rotacismus bohemicus which is an inability to pronounce the specific sound ř /r̝/. [6] Sigmatism is a difficulty of producing /s/, /z/ and similar sounds. [2]
Rhotacism (/ ˈ r oʊ t ə s ɪ z əm / ROH-tə-siz-əm) [1] or rhotacization is a sound change that converts one consonant (usually a voiced alveolar consonant: /z/, /d/, /l/, or /n/) to a rhotic consonant in a certain environment.
In many dialects, /r/ occurs only before a vowel; if you speak such a dialect, simply ignore /r/ in the pronunciation guides where you would not pronounce it, as in cart /kɑːrt/. In other dialects, /j/ ( y es) cannot occur after /t, d, n/ , etc., within the same syllable; if you speak such a dialect, then ignore the /j/ in transcriptions such ...
According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, skip pronouncing the first “r” altogether, and the “ce” while you’re at it, and barely say the second “r”.
In Scottish English, /r/ is traditionally pronounced as a flap or trill , and there are no r-colored vowels. In non-rhotic dialects like Received Pronunciation (RP), historic /r/ is elided at the end of a syllable, and if the preceding vowel is stressed, it undergoes compensatory lengthening or breaking (diphthongization).
This is a set of lists of English personal and place names having spellings that are counterintuitive to their pronunciation because the spelling does not accord with conventional pronunciation associations. Many of these are degenerations in the pronunciation of names that originated in other languages.