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Ziva Kunda (June 13, 1955 – February 24, 2004) was an Israeli social psychologist and professor at the University of Waterloo [1] known for her work in social cognition and motivated reasoning. Her seminal paper "The Case for Motivated Reasoning", [ 2 ] published in Psychological Bulletin in 1990, posthumously received the Scientific Impact ...
Motivated reasoning (motivational reasoning bias) is a cognitive and social response in which individuals, consciously or sub-consciously, allow emotion-loaded motivational biases to affect how new information is perceived. Individuals tend to favor evidence that coincides with their current beliefs and reject new information that contradicts ...
The former resembles the thought process of a judge who is motivated to be accurate, unbiased, and impartial in her decisions; the latter resembles that of an attorney whose goal is to win a dispute using partial and selective arguments. [21] [35] Kunda proposed motivated reasoning as a general framework for understanding human reasoning. [34]
Researchers such as Ziva Kunda drew attention to the motivated aspects of attributions and attribution biases. Kunda in particular argued that certain biases only appear when people are presented with motivational pressures; therefore, they cannot be exclusively explained by an objective cognitive process. [15]
Paul Richard Thagard FRSC (/ ˈ θ eɪ ɡ ɑːr d /; born 1950) is a Canadian philosopher who specializes in cognitive science, philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of science and medicine.
Other biases are due to the particular way the brain perceives, forms memories and makes judgments. This distinction is sometimes described as "hot cognition" versus "cold cognition", as motivated reasoning can involve a state of arousal. Among the "cold" biases, some are due to ignoring relevant information (e.g., neglect of probability),
Motivated reasoning is a cognitive phenomena that occurs when an individual changes a peripheral attitude that is inconsistent with a more central element of the self. [8] The purpose of these cognitive biases is to maintain a positive sense of self-esteem. In the past, they have been referred to as cognitive adaptions and positive illusions.
In consumer behaviour studies, the Blissful Ignorance Effect is when people who have good information about a product are not expected to be as happy with the product as people who have less information about it. [1]