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The arachnoid mater (or simply arachnoid) is one of the three meninges, the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is so named because of its resemblance to a spider web . The arachnoid mater is a derivative of the neural crest mesoectoderm in the embryo.
The middle element of the meninges is the arachnoid mater, or arachnoid membrane, so named because of its resemblance to a spider web. It cushions the central nervous system. This thin, transparent membrane is composed of fibrous tissue and, like the pia mater, has an outer layer of tightly packed flat cells, forming the arachnoid barrier. [8]
Arachnoid granulations (also arachnoid villi, and pacchionian granulations or bodies) are small outpouchings of the arachnoid mater and subarachnoid space into the dural venous sinuses of the brain. The granulations are thought to mediate the draining of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space into the venous system .
CSF returns to the vascular system by entering the dural venous sinuses via arachnoid granulations. [2] These are outpouchings of the arachnoid mater into the venous sinuses around the brain, with valves to ensure one-way drainage. [2] This occurs because of a pressure difference between the arachnoid mater and venous sinuses. [3]
These sinuses play a crucial role in cerebral venous drainage. A dural venous sinus, in human anatomy, is any of the channels of a branching complex sinus network that lies between layers of the dura mater, the outermost covering of the brain, and functions to collect oxygen-depleted blood. Unlike veins, these sinuses possess no muscular coat.
The arachnoid trabeculae (AT) are delicate strands of connective tissue that loosely connect the two innermost layers of the meninges – the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They are found within the subarachnoid space where cerebrospinal fluid is also found.
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Leptomeningeal collaterals lie within the leptomeninges, the two deep layers of the meninges called the pia mater and the arachnoid mater. [4] Their diameter has been measured at approximately 300 micrometers, [ 5 ] but there is variability between individuals in the size, quantity and location of these vessels, and between either hemisphere ...