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Harran was founded at some point between the 25th and 20th centuries BC, possibly as a merchant colony by Sumerian traders from Ur. Over the course of its early history, Harran rapidly grew into a major Mesopotamian cultural, commercial and religious center.
Haran is usually identified with Harran, now a village of Şanlıurfa, Turkey.Since the 1950s, archeological excavations of Harran have been conducted, [1] [2] which have yielded insufficient discoveries about the site's pre-medieval history [3] or of its supposed patriarchal age.
The Harran Castle is located in the southeast part of Harran and is connected to the city's ancient walls. [1] In the Middle Ages, the castle was surrounded by a wide open space and a moat . [ 4 ] The date of the castle's construction is unknown; [ 3 ] the earliest known reference to it in literary sources dates to 958, [ 4 ] [ 5 ] when it was ...
The Harran University was founded by the Umayyad caliph Umar II in 717, who brought many scholars from other cities throughout the lands under his control and installed them in Harran. [2] The university was the first Islamic institution of its kind [2] [3] and has sometimes been regarded as perhaps being the world's oldest university.
With the fall of Harran, the Assyrian empire ceased to exist as a state. [7] [8] [9] Remnants of the former Assyrian empire's army met up with the Egyptian forces that had defeated the Kingdom of Judah at Megiddo but their combined forces were defeated again the same year at the Siege of Harran and in 605 BC at the Carchemish, ending the Egyptian intervention in the Near East.
Harran was at least later a religious centre for the moon god, and Shauskha had an important temple in Nineve, when the city was under Hurrian rule. A temple of Nergal was built in Urkesh in the late third millennium BC. The town of Kahat was a religious centre in the kingdom of Mitanni.
The Haran Gawaita (Mandaic: ࡄࡀࡓࡀࡍ ࡂࡀࡅࡀࡉࡕࡀ, meaning "Inner Harran" or "Inner Hauran"; Modern Mandaic: (Diwān) Harrān Gawāythā [1]) also known as the Scroll of Great Revelation, is a Mandaean text which recounts the history of the Mandaeans as Nasoraeans from Jerusalem and their arrival in a region described as "Inner Harran ('haran gauaita) which is called the ...
The Battle of Harran took place on 7 May 1104 between the Crusader states of the Principality of Antioch and the County of Edessa, and the Seljuk Turks. It was the first major battle against the newfound Crusader states in the aftermath of the First Crusade , marking a key turning point against Frankish expansion. [ 3 ]