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The Romans did not number each day of a month from the first to the last day. Instead, they counted back from three fixed points of the month: the Nones (the 5th or 7th, eight days before the Ides), the Ides (the 13th for most months, but the 15th in March, May, July, and October), and the Kalends (1st of the following month).
The Ides of March translates literally to "the 15th day of March" in the Roman calendar. The word "Ides" comes from the Latin "Idus" and was used to indicate the day dividing months down the middle.
The Ides of March coin, a Denarius portraying Brutus , minted in 43–42 BC. The reverse shows a pileus between two daggers, with the legend EID MAR (Eidibus Martiis – on the Ides of March), commemorating the assassination. [1] Possible bust of Julius Caesar, posthumous portrait in marble, 44–30 BC, Museo Pio-Clementino, Vatican Museums
In March, May, July, and October it was the 15th day of the month; in other months it was the 13th Ides of March, a day in the Roman calendar that corresponded to March 15; it was marked by several religious observances and became notorious as the date of the assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BC
March 15 is the "Ides of March," an ominous day synonymous with bad omens throughout history.
44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place on the Ides of March. [2] 493 – Odoacer, the first barbarian King of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, is slain by Theoderic the Great, king of the Ostrogoths, while the two kings were feasting together. [3]
Anna Perenna's festival fell on the Ides of March (March 15), which would have marked the first full moon in the year in the old lunar Roman calendar when March was recognized as the first month of the year, and was held at the goddess' grove at the first milestone on the Via Flaminia. It was much frequented by the city plebs. [1]
March 15 (the Ides of March) – Julius Caesar, dictator of Rome, is assassinated by a group of senators, amongst them Gaius Cassius Longinus, Marcus Junius Brutus, and Caesar's Massilian naval commander, Decimus Brutus. [1] March 20 – Caesar's funeral is held.