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  2. Consonant voicing and devoicing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant_voicing_and...

    For example, the English suffix -s is pronounced [s] when it follows a voiceless phoneme (cats), and [z] when it follows a voiced phoneme (dogs). [1] This type of assimilation is called progressive, where the second consonant assimilates to the first; regressive assimilation goes in the opposite direction, as can be seen in have to [hæftə].

  3. Ezh - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezh

    Ezh (Ʒ ʒ) / ˈ ɛ ʒ / ⓘ EZH, also called the "tailed z", is a letter, notable for its use in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to represent the voiced postalveolar fricative consonant. For example, the pronunciation of "si" in vision / ˈ v ɪ ʒ ən / and precision / p r ɪ ˈ s ɪ ʒ ən / , or the s in treasure / ˈ t r ɛ ʒ ...

  4. Voiceless alveolar fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative

    In French and most dialects of Portuguese, the four alveolar sibilants have merged into non-retracted [s] and [z], while in European Portuguese, most other Old World Portuguese variants and some recently European-influenced dialects of Brazil all instances of coda [s̺], voiced [z̺] before voiced consonants, were backed to [ʃ], while in most ...

  5. Voice (phonetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)

    For example, voicing accounts for the difference between the pair of sounds associated with the English letters s and z . The two sounds are transcribed as [s] and [z] to distinguish them from the English letters, which have several possible pronunciations, depending on the context. If one places the fingers on the voice box (i.e., the location ...

  6. Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal...

    The voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʑ ("z", plus the curl also found in its voiceless counterpart ɕ ), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is z\ .

  7. Voiced alveolar fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative

    The voiced alveolar sibilant is common across European languages, but is relatively uncommon cross-linguistically compared to the voiceless variant. Only about 28% of the world's languages contain a voiced dental or alveolar sibilant.

  8. Voiced alveolar affricate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate

    Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation. It is an oral consonant , which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only. It is a central consonant , which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.

  9. Rhotacism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhotacism

    Rhotacism (/ ˈ r oʊ t ə s ɪ z əm / ROH-tə-siz-əm) [1] or rhotacization is a sound change that converts one consonant (usually a voiced alveolar consonant: /z/, /d/, /l/, or /n/) to a rhotic consonant in a certain environment.