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John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (6 March 1340 – 3 February 1399), was an English royal prince, military leader and statesman. He was the fourth son (third surviving) of King Edward III of England , and the father of King Henry IV .
When Gaunt finally married Swynford as his third wife in 1396, the Beauforts were legitimized by Pope Boniface IX and by royal proclamation of the reigning monarch King Richard II the following year. John of Gaunt’s eldest legitimate son by his first wife Blanche of Lancaster was Henry Bolingbroke , who would eventually take the throne from ...
Arms of the Beaufort family, legitimised descendants of John of Gaunt: Royal arms of King Edward III within a bordure compony argent and azure Joan Beaufort (c. 1377 – 13 November 1440) was the youngest of the four legitimised children and only daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (third surviving son of King Edward III), by his mistress, later wife, Katherine de Roet. [1]
However John of Gaunt and Katherine subsequently married and their children were legitimated by the Pope and by Parliament during the reign of Richard II. Henry IV had tried to debar them from the succession by use of his royal prerogative to avoid competition with the House of Lancaster's claims to the throne but this was of limited effect.
Blanche and John of Gaunt depicted in a 15th-century family tree of Henry VI. Blanche and John of Gaunt together had seven children, of whom three survived to adulthood: Philippa of Lancaster (31 March 1360 – 19 July 1415), wife of John I of Portugal; John of Lancaster (c.1362/1364); died in early infancy
Katherine and John of Gaunt's descendants, the Beaufort family, played a major role in the Wars of the Roses. Henry VII , who became King of England in 1485, derived his claim to the throne from his mother, Margaret Beaufort , who was a great-granddaughter of Gaunt and Swynford.
When John of Gaunt died in 1399, Richard disinherited John's son, Henry, who invaded England in response with a small force that quickly grew in numbers. Meeting little resistance, Henry deposed Richard to have himself crowned Henry IV of England.
John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset (c. 1373 – 16 March 1410), known as the Marquess of Somerset and Marquess of Dorset from 1397–99, was an English nobleman and politician. Beaufort was the second son of John of Gaunt (1340–1399; third surviving son of King Edward III ), eldest of the four children by his mistress Katherine Swynford ...