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Wall studs are framing components in timber or steel-framed walls, that run between the top and bottom plates.It is a fundamental element in frame building. The majority non-masonry buildings rely on wall studs, with wood being the most common and least-expensive material used for studs.
The top and bottom plates are end-nailed to each stud with two nails at least 3 + 1 ⁄ 4 in (83 mm) in length (16d or 16-penny nails). Studs are at least doubled (creating posts) at openings, the jack stud being cut to receive the lintels (headers) that are placed and end-nailed through the outer studs. [10] Moisture barrier sheathing with ...
However, an advantage of steel siding can be its dent-resistance, which is excellent for regions with severe storms—especially if the area is prone to hail. Embossed metal siding on 1890s building. The first architectural application of aluminium was the mounting of a small grounding cap on the Washington Monument in 1884.
The carpentry consists of a timber frame with vertical planks extending from sill to plate. Sometimes there are studs at the doors but mostly the vertical planks replace the studs. Both wood shingle or clapboard exterior siding and interior lath and plaster attach directly to the planks. [10]
The height limit was passed by the United States Congress in 1889 as the Height of Buildings Act of 1899 and later amended by the Height of Buildings Act of 1910. [ 28 ] [ 29 ] Boston , Massachusetts: Due to the city's proximity to Logan International Airport , building height is restricted to around 800 ft (240 m).
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Shiplap is either rough-sawn 25 mm (1 in) or milled 19 mm (3 ⁄ 4 in) pine or similarly inexpensive wood between 76 and 254 mm (3 and 10 in) wide with a 9.5–12.7 mm (3 ⁄ 8 – 1 ⁄ 2 in) rabbet on opposite sides of each edge. [1] The rabbet allows the boards to overlap in this area.