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  2. Economic growth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_growth

    In 1830, the GDP was 41,373 million pounds. It grew to 1,330,088 million pounds by 2008. A growth rate that averaged 1.97% over 178 years resulted in a 32-fold increase in GDP by 2008. The large impact of a relatively small growth rate over a long period of time is due to the power of exponential growth.

  3. Malthusian growth model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malthusian_growth_model

    r = the population growth rate, which Ronald Fisher called the Malthusian parameter of population growth in The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, [2] and Alfred J. Lotka called the intrinsic rate of increase, [3] [4] t = time. The model can also be written in the form of a differential equation: =

  4. Population dynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_dynamics

    The algebraic symbols b, d and r stand for the rates of birth, death, and the rate of change per individual in the general population, the intrinsic rate of increase. This formula can be read as the rate of change in the population (dN/dt) is equal to births minus deaths (B − D). [2] [13] [17]

  5. Doubling time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubling_time

    For example, with an annual growth rate of 4.8% the doubling time is 14.78 years, and a doubling time of 10 years corresponds to a growth rate between 7% and 7.5% (actually about 7.18%). When applied to the constant growth in consumption of a resource, the total amount consumed in one doubling period equals the total amount consumed in all ...

  6. Value of life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_of_life

    When calculating value of statistical life, it is important to discount and adjust it for inflation and real income growth over the years. An example of a formula needed to adjust the VSL of a specific year is given by the following:

  7. Demographic dividend - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographic_dividend

    Demographic dividend, as defined by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), is "the economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a population’s age structure, mainly when the share of the working-age population (15 to 64) is larger than the non-working-age share of the population (14 and younger, and 65 and older)". [1]

  8. Dependency ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_ratio

    An aging population is caused by a decline in fertility and longer life expectancy. The average life expectancy of males and females are expected to increase from 79 years in 1990 to 82 years in 2025. [8] The dependency amongst Japan residents aged 65 and older is expected to increase which will have a major impact on Japan's economy.

  9. Demographic economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographic_economics

    Demographic economics or population economics is the application of economic analysis to demography, the study of human populations, including size, growth, density, distribution, and vital statistics. [1] [2]

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