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Aniconism in secular contexts is even more variable and there are many examples of figural representation in secular art throughout history. Generally speaking, aniconism in Islamic societies is restricted in modern times to specific religious contexts. In the past, it was enforced only in some times and places. [10]
Islamic art is a part of Islamic culture and encompasses the visual arts produced since the 7th century CE ... Secular arts and crafts include the production of ...
Secularism is an ambiguous concept that can be understood to refer to a number of policies and ideas—anticlericalism, atheism, state neutrality toward religion, the separation of religion from state, banishment of religious symbols from the public sphere, or disestablishment (separation of church and state, [4] although Islam has no institution corresponding to this sense of "church"). [1]
As a secular, non-sectarian, universal notion of art arose in 19th-century Western Europe, secular artists occasionally treated Christian themes (Bouguereau, Manet). Only rarely was a Christian artist included in the historical canon (such as Rouault or Stanley Spencer ).
In fact, it has been linked in Arabic culture to various fields such as religion, art, architecture, education and craftsmanship, which in turn have played an important role in its advancement. [3] Although most Islamic calligraphy is in Arabic and most Arabic calligraphy is Islamic, the two are not identical.
Islamic architecture comprises the architectural styles of buildings associated with Islam. It encompasses both secular and religious styles from the early history of Islam to the present day. The Islamic world encompasses a wide geographic area historically ranging from western Africa and Europe to eastern Asia.
Heaven on Earth: Art from Islamic Lands was an exhibition of Islamic art hosted by Somerset House in London, England from 25 March to 22 August 2004. It drew from two collections: the UK-based Khalili Collection of Islamic Art (the world's largest private collection of Islamic art) and Russia's Hermitage Museum .
The Arts of Islam: Treasures from the Nasser D. Khalili Collection. June–Sep 2007 Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia [102] Jan–May 2008 Gallery One, Emirates Palace, Abu Dhabi, UAE [103] [28] [104] Oct 2009 – Mar 2010 Institut du monde arabe, Paris, France; Passion for Perfection: Islamic Art from the Khalili Collection