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Traumatic brain injury (TBI, physical trauma to the brain) can cause a variety of complications, health effects that are not TBI themselves but that result from it. The risk of complications increases with the severity of the trauma; [1] however even mild traumatic brain injury can result in disabilities that interfere with social interactions, employment, and everyday living. [2]
Cognitive and social deficits have long-term consequences for the daily lives of people with moderate to severe TBI, but can be improved with appropriate rehabilitation. [46] [48] [49] [50] When the pressure within the skull (intracranial pressure, abbreviated ICP) rises too high, it can be deadly. [51]
There may also be personality changes. The most severe cases result in coma or even persistent vegetative state. Even a mild incident can have long-term effects or cause symptoms to appear years later. [5] Studies show there is a correlation between brain lesion and language, speech, and category-specific disorders.
[82] [83] [84] The CENC is a multi-center collaboration linking premiere basic science, translational, and clinical neuroscience researchers from the DoD, VA, academic universities, and private research institutes to effectively address the scientific, diagnostic, and therapeutic ramifications of mild TBI and its long-term effects. [85] [86 ...
It is suitable for patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. The WPTAS is the most common post-traumatic amnesia scale used in Australia and New Zealand. [ 32 ] An abbreviated version has been developed to assess patients with mild traumatic brain injury, the Abbreviated Westmead PTA Scale (AWPTAS).
Strich first proposed the idea in 1956, calling it diffuse degeneration of white matter; however, the more concise term "diffuse axonal injury" came to be preferred. [38] Strich was researching the relationship between dementia and head trauma [ 37 ] and asserted in 1956 that DAI played an integral role in the eventual development of dementia ...
Traumatic brain injury may cause damage to the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland, and deficiencies of pituitary hormones (hypopituitarism) can cause similar symptoms to post-concussion syndrome; in these cases, symptoms can be treated by replacing any hormones that are deficient. [medical citation needed]
Sleep disorder is a common repercussion of traumatic brain injury (TBI). [1] [2] It occurs in 30%-70% of patients with TBI. [1] [2] TBI can be distinguished into two categories, primary and secondary damage. Primary damage includes injuries of white matter, focal contusion, cerebral edema and hematomas, [3] mostly occurring at the moment of the ...