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To what extent masculinity is biologically or socially influenced is subject to debate. [37] It is distinct from the definition of the biological male sex, as both males and females can exhibit masculine traits. [38] Men generally face social stigma for embodying feminine traits, more so than women do for embodying masculine traits. [39]
These included apsaras, gandharvas, and kinnars, with the former two referring to female and male while the latter refers to 'neuters'. Additionally, the early writings of the Manu Smriti explained the biological origin of the sexes, identifying a third sex that could result if there was an equal prevalence of male and female 'seed'. [42]
In most societies, there is a basic division between gender attributes associated with males and females, a gender binary to which most people adhere and which includes expectations of masculinity and femininity in all aspects of sex and gender: biological sex, gender identity, gender expression, and sexual orientation.
The symbol of the Roman god Mars (god of war) is often used to represent the male sex. It also stands for the planet Mars and is the alchemical symbol for iron.. Male (symbol: ♂) is the sex of an organism that produces the gamete (sex cell) known as sperm, which fuses with the larger female gamete, [1] [2] [3] or ovum, in the process of fertilisation.
[2] [3] [4] It is distinct from the definition of the biological male sex, [5] [6] as anyone can exhibit masculine traits. [7] Standards of masculinity vary across different cultures and historical periods. In Western cultures, its meaning is traditionally drawn from being contrasted with femininity.
“Biological males” should not compete in women’s sports, while women should have access to single-sex spaces in places such as hospitals and prisons, the Prime Minister has said.
Robert Stoller, whose work was the first to treat sex and gender as "two different orders of data", in his book Sex and Gender: The Development of Masculinity and Femininity, [46] uses the term 'sex' to refer to the "male or the female sex and the component biological parts that determine whether one is a male or a female". [47]
In 45% of mammal species, males are larger than females, in 39%, males and females are the same size and in 16% of mammals, females are larger than males. [90] Both genes and hormones affect the formation of many animal brains before " birth " (or hatching ), and also behaviour of adult individuals.