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A telecom satellite in geosynchronous orbit imposes a path length of at least 71000 km between transmitter and receiver. [2] which means a minimum delay between message request and message receipt, or latency of 473 ms. This delay can be very noticeable and affects satellite phone service regardless of available throughput capacity.
RTT is a measure of the amount of time taken for an entire message to be sent to a destination and for a reply to be sent back to the sender. The time to send the message to the destination in its entirety is known as the network latency, and thus RTT is twice the latency in the network plus a processing delay at the destination. The other ...
The propagation delay of a physical link can be calculated by dividing the distance (the length of the medium) in meter by its propagation speed in m/s. Propagation time = Distance / propagation speed. Example: Ethernet communication over a UTP copper cable with maximum distance of 100 meter between computer and switching node results in:
Network delay is a design and performance characteristic of a telecommunications network. It specifies the latency for a bit of data to travel across the network from one communication endpoint to another.
Latency, from a general point of view, is a time delay between the cause and the effect of some physical change in the system being observed. Lag , as it is known in gaming circles , refers to the latency between the input to a simulation and the visual or auditory response, often occurring because of network delay in online games.
Transmission between two network nodes may be asymmetric, and the forward and reverse delays are not equal. Half the RTT value is the average of the forward and reverse delays and so may be sometimes used as an approximation to the end-to-end delay. The accuracy of such an estimate depends on the nature of delay distribution in both directions.
When reliable delivery is necessary, packet loss increases latency due to additional time needed for retransmission. [ a ] Assuming no retransmission, packets experiencing the worst delays might be preferentially dropped (depending on the queuing discipline used), resulting in lower latency overall.
The worst-case latency requirement is defined as 2 ms for Class A and 50 ms for Class B, but has been shown to be unreliable. [5] [6] The per-port peer delay provided by gPTP and the network bridge residence delay are added to calculate the accumulated delays and ensure the latency requirement is met. Control traffic has the third-highest ...