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The BBP formula gives rise to a spigot algorithm for computing the nth base-16 (hexadecimal) digit of π (and therefore also the 4nth binary digit of π) without computing the preceding digits. This does not compute the nth decimal digit of π (i.e., in base 10). [3]
One important application is verifying computations of all digits of pi performed by other means. Rather than having to compute all of the digits twice by two separate algorithms to ensure that a computation is correct, the final digits of a very long all-digits computation can be verified by the much faster Bellard's formula. [3] Formula:
Simon Plouffe (born June 11, 1956) is a French Canadian mathematician who discovered the Bailey–Borwein–Plouffe formula (BBP algorithm) which permits the computation of the nth binary digit of π, in 1995. [1] [2] [3] His other 2022 formula allows extracting the nth digit of π in decimal. [4] He was born in Saint-Jovite, Quebec.
It repeatedly replaces two numbers by their arithmetic and geometric mean, in order to approximate their arithmetic-geometric mean. The version presented below is also known as the Gauss–Euler , Brent–Salamin (or Salamin–Brent ) algorithm ; [ 1 ] it was independently discovered in 1975 by Richard Brent and Eugene Salamin .
A variant of the spigot approach uses an algorithm which can be used to compute a single arbitrary digit of the transcendental without computing the preceding digits: an example is the Bailey–Borwein–Plouffe formula, a digit extraction algorithm for π which produces base 16 digits. The inevitable truncation of the underlying infinite ...
In other words, the n th digit of this number is 1 only if n is one of 1! = 1, 2! = 2, 3! = 6, 4! = 24, etc. Liouville showed that this number belongs to a class of transcendental numbers that can be more closely approximated by rational numbers than can any irrational algebraic number, and this class of numbers is called the Liouville numbers ...
TachusPi by Fabrice Bellard [99] is the program used by himself to compute world record number of digits of pi in 2009. y -cruncher by Alexander Yee [ 47 ] is the program which every world record holder since Shigeru Kondo in 2010 has used to compute world record numbers of digits .
The Chudnovsky algorithm is a fast method for calculating the digits of π, based on Ramanujan's π formulae.Published by the Chudnovsky brothers in 1988, [1] it was used to calculate π to a billion decimal places.