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Artha (/ ˈ ɑːr t ə,-θ ə /; Sanskrit: अर्थ; Pali: Attha, Tamil: பொருள், poruḷ) is one of the four goals or objectives of human life in Hindu traditions. [1] It includes career, skills, health, wealth, prosperity and the means or resources needed for a fulfilling life.
Hindu architecture is the traditional system of Indian architecture for structures such as temples, monasteries, statues, homes, market places, gardens and town planning as described in Hindu texts. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The architectural guidelines survive in Sanskrit manuscripts and in some cases also in other regional languages.
In Hindu temple architecture, Ardhamandapa (lit. half-open hall), also spelled artha mandapam or ardh mandapam, is an important element of the entrance group. It is an entrance porch forming a transitional area between the outside and a mandapa of the temple. [1] [2]
Artha – signifies the "means of life", activities and resources that enables one to be in a state one wants to be in. [20] Artha incorporates wealth, career, activity to make a living, financial security and economic prosperity. The proper pursuit of artha is considered an important aim of human life in Hinduism. [21] [22]
Gṛhastha is considered to be the most intense of all four stages, where a man or woman pursues all four goals of life, with greater emphasis on first three - Dharma, Artha and Kama. [4] [5] [12] In contrast, Sannyasa is the stage where the individual renounces Artha and Kama, and pursues Moksha with a single minded pursuit. [4] [7]
A mandapa or mantapa (Sanskrit: मण्डप, romanized: maṇḍapa) [1] is a pillared hall or pavilion for public rituals in Indian architecture, especially featured in Hindu temple architecture and Jain temple architecture. [2] Mandapas are described as "open" or "closed" depending on whether they have walls.
Hindu art found its first inspiration in the Buddhist art of Mathura. The three Vedic gods Indra , Brahma and Surya were actually first depicted in Buddhist sculpture, as attendants in scenes commemorating the life of the Buddha, such as his Birth, his Descent from the Trāyastriṃśa Heaven , or his retreat in the Indrasala Cave . [ 13 ]
In Hindu temple architecture, a ratha is a vertical offset projection on the plan of a structure, particularly of the shikhara above the sanctum. [1] [2] The term has the same meaning when applied to the forms of the bases of statues. A ratha is generally carried up from the bottom of the temple to the superstructure.