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Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a type of enamel defect affecting, as the name suggests, the first molars and incisors in the permanent dentition. [1] MIH is considered a worldwide problem with a global prevalence of 12.9% and is usually identified in children under 10 years old. [2]
Intraoral X-rays or a 3-D cone beam scan of the affected area can be used to obtain radiological images and confirm diagnosis of cysts in the periapical area. Circular or ovoid radiolucency surrounding the root tip of approximately 1-1.5 cm in diameter is indicative of the presence of a periapical cyst. [2]
Condensing osteitis happens when the bone around the tooth reacts to long-term inflammation. This involves excessive bone growth, leading to the formation of sclerotic bone in the jaw. Ongoing tooth infections, like pulpitis, release chemicals that attract immune cells and activate osteoblasts. Osteoblasts create extra bone in response to ...
Frequently included in this classification are teeth showing no more than about 1 – 2mm of white opacity at the tip of the summit of the cusps, of the bicuspids or second molars. Mild: 3: The white opaque areas in the enamel of the teeth are more extensive but do involve as much as 50% of the tooth. Moderate: 4
The neonatal line is the demarcation between the enamel formation before birth and after birth i.e., prenatal and postnatal enamel respectively. [1] It is caused by the different physiologic changes at birth and is used to identify enamel formation before and after birth. The position of the neonatal line differs from tooth to tooth [2]
Small Opacities: The reader will categorize small opacities according to shape and size. The small, rounded opacities are p (up to about 1.5 mm), q (about 1.5 mm to about 3 mm), or r (exceeding about 3mm and up to about 10 mm). Small, irregular opacities are classified by width as s, t, or u (same respective sizes as for small, rounded opacities).
Teeth displaying enamel hypoplasia lines, linear defects of enamel that form during crowns development as a result of periods of nutritional stress or disease during infancy and childhood Enamel hypoplasia is a risk factor for dental caries in children including early childhood caries (ECC), which continues to be a burden for many children.
In the generalized form, all teeth are involved. In the localized form, only a few teeth are involved. The most common teeth affected are the upper lateral incisors and third molars. Teeth affected by microdontia may also have abnormal shape, and the abnormal size may affect the whole tooth, or only a part of the tooth. [1]