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The modern magnetron is a fairly efficient device. In a microwave oven, for instance, a 1.1-kilowatt input will generally create about 700 watts of microwave power, an efficiency of around 65%. (The high-voltage and the properties of the cathode determine the power of a magnetron.)
a magnetron control circuit (usually with a microcontroller) a short waveguide (to couple microwave power from the magnetron into the cooking chamber) a turntable and/or metal wave guide stirring fan; a control panel; In most ovens, the magnetron is driven by a linear transformer which can only feasibly be switched completely on or off.
The magnetron output is sent to a dipole antenna in front of a 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) diameter parabolic reflector. A second reflector antenna was positioned beside the first for reception. The original Mark I units sent signals upstream on 4550 or 4760 MHz, while the receiver was sensitive to the entire range between 4410 and 4888 MHz.
Crossed-field amplifier internal operation. A CFA's electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other ("crossed fields"). This is the same type of field interaction used in a magnetron; as a result, the two devices share many characteristics (such as high peak power and efficiency), and they have similar physical appearances.
It could generate 200 W of power at a wavelength of 40 centimeters (750 MHz) with 50% efficiency. The klystron was the first significantly powerful source of radio waves in the microwave range; before its invention the only sources were the Barkhausen–Kurz tube and split-anode magnetron, which were limited to
Randall and Boot, given no other projects to work on, began considering solutions to this problem in November 1939. The only other microwave device known at that time was the split-anode magnetron, a device capable of generating small amounts of power, but with low efficiency and generally lower output than the klystron.
In a microwave oven a waveguide transfers power from the magnetron, where waves are formed, to the cooking chamber. In a radar, a waveguide transfers radio frequency energy to and from the antenna, where the impedance needs to be matched for efficient power transmission (see below).
High-power 140 GHz gyrotron for plasma heating in the Wendelstein 7-X fusion experiment, Germany.. A gyrotron is a class of high-power linear-beam vacuum tubes that generates millimeter-wave electromagnetic waves by the cyclotron resonance of electrons in a strong magnetic field.
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