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Ironing is the use of an iron, usually heated, to remove wrinkles and unwanted creases from fabric. [1] The heating is commonly done to a temperature of 180–220 °C (360–430 °F), depending on the fabric. [2] Ironing works by loosening the bonds between the long-chain polymer molecules in the fibres of the material. While the molecules are ...
Char cloth, also called char paper, is a material with low ignition temperature, used as tinder when lighting a fire. It is the main component in a tinderbox.It is a small swatch of fabric made from a natural fibre (such as linen, cotton, jute etc.) that has been converted through pyrolysis.
The mantle is a roughly pear-shaped fabric bag, made from silk, ramie-based artificial silk, or rayon. The fibers are impregnated with metallic salts; when the mantle is first heated in a flame, the fibers burn away in seconds and the metallic salts convert to solid oxides, forming a brittle ceramic oxide shell in the shape of the original fabric.
These tests do not predict the burning characteristics of full scale hazards. In many cases, if exposed to a sufficiently large and sustained exposure fire, the fire-retardant fabrics will burn vigorously. Polyester is inherently flame retardant, and therefore doesn't flare up when applied to various tests. Any amount of heat delivered within a ...
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There is a rapid build-up (or "spike") in temperature due to the compound effect of rapidly burning (i.e., deflagrating) gases and the thermal cycle they produce. This is generally the best indication of a flashover. [2] The fire is in a ventilated compartment, so there is no shortage of oxygen in the room. [citation needed]
It is measured as a unit of energy per unit mass or volume of substance. The HHV is determined by bringing all the products of combustion back to the original pre-combustion temperature, including condensing any vapor produced. Such measurements often use a standard temperature of 25 °C (77 °F; 298 K) [citation needed].