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Constitution of India. The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. [2][3] The document lays down the framework that demarcates fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens.
The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes comprise about 16.6% and 8.6%, respectively, of India's population (according to the 2011 census). [10][11] The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 lists 1,108 castes across 28 states in its First Schedule, [12] and the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 lists 744 tribes across 22 ...
The Eighth schedule of the Constitution defined 14 languages in 1950. [4] These included Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu. [5] In 1967, 21st amendment to the constitution added Sindhi as one of the languages in the eight schedule.
The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act (POA), 1989 was thus passed on 11 September 1989. The Act was notified in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, sec. 3 (ii), dated 29 January 1990 (notification No. S.O. 106 (E)) and came into force on 30 January 1990. The rules were notified on 31 March 1995.
The Constitution spells out governmental powers with so much detail that many matters addressed by statute in other democracies must be addressed via constitutional amendment in India. As a result, the Constitution is amended roughly twice a year. The main purpose of the amendments is to become more relevant.
The Preamble to the Constitution of India is based on the Objectives Resolution, which was moved in the Constituent Assembly by Jawaharlal Nehru on 13 December 1946 accepted on 22 January 1947 and adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, coming into force on 26 January 1950, celebrated as the Republic Day of India, and was initially drafted by Jawaharlal Nehru. [1]
Reservation is a system of affirmative action in India created during the British rule.Based on provisions in the Indian Constitution, it allows the Union Government and the States and Territories of India to set a percentage of reserved quotas or seats, in higher education admissions, employment, political bodies, etc., for "socially and economically backward citizens".
1950: 14 languages were initially included in the Constitution. [24] 1967: Sindhi was added by 21st Constitutional Amendment Act. [25] 1992: Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali were added by 71st Constitutional Amendment Act [26] 2003: Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santali were added by 92nd Constitutional Amendment Act.