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In 1884, the US Ordnance Department increased the bullet weight of the 45–70 to 45–70–500, or a 45 caliber bullet, 70 grains of black powder, and a 500 grain bullet. [3] The new 45-70-500 loading was recorded with a muzzle velocity of 1315.7 feet, and generated 1525 ft lbs of energy at 100 yds, and 562.3 ft lbs of energy at 1,000 yards ...
According to the US Army Ordnance Department tests, the 45-70-405 was loaded to 19,000 psi, [4] while the 45-70-500 was loaded to 25,000 psi [2] The average accuracy of the Springfield Model 1873 was a circle with an average radius of 1.7 inches at 100 yards, corresponding to an ~3.4 MOA.
A guide to the recoil from the cartridge, and an indicator of bullet penetration potential. The .30-06 Springfield (at 2.064 lbf-s) is considered the upper limit for tolerable recoil for inexperienced rifle shooters. [2] Chg: Propellant charge, in grains; Dia: Bullet diameter, in inches; BC: Ballistic coefficient, G1 model; L: Case length (mm)
.45 Colt.45-70 Government.45-90 Sharps.45-70 Auto; 45 Raptor.450 Bushmaster.450 Black Powder Express.450/400 Black Powder Express.450/400 Nitro Express.500/450 Magnum Black Powder Express.450 Marlin.450 Nitro Express.500/450 No 1 Black Powder Express.450 No 2 Nitro Express.454 Casull.500/450 Nitro Express.450 Rigby.450 Dakota.450 Watts Magnum
The 56–52, the most common of the new calibers, used a 50-cal bullet. Other black powder-era cartridges used naming schemes that appeared similar, but measured entirely different characteristics; 45-70, 44-40, and 32-20 were designated by bullet diameter to hundredths of an inch and standard black powder charge in grains.
Derived from the .50-60-400 Joslyn, the cartridge was developed after the unsatisfactory results of the .58 rimfire cartridge for the Springfield Model 1865 rifle. The .50-70 Government cartridge used the Benét internal center-fire primer design and became the official cartridge of the U.S. military in 1866 until being replaced by the .45-70 Government in 1873.
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These rifles were made in a variety of calibers, both rimfire and centerfire, including the 12.17x42 mm rimfire, 12.17x44 mm rimfire and 12.17x44 mm rimmed centerfire Swedish and Norwegian cartridges, .43 Spanish (11.15x58mmR), .50-70, .40-70, .45-70 and later in .22 caliber.