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In algebra, the partial fraction decomposition or partial fraction expansion of a rational fraction (that is, a fraction such that the numerator and the denominator are both polynomials) is an operation that consists of expressing the fraction as a sum of a polynomial (possibly zero) and one or several fractions with a simpler denominator. [1]
the roots of this irreducible polynomial can be calculated as [5] 1 ± 2 1 / 6 , 1 ± − 1 ± 3 i 2 1 / 3 . {\displaystyle 1\pm 2^{1/6},1\pm {\frac {\sqrt {-1\pm {\sqrt {3}}i}}{2^{1/3}}}.} Even in the case of quartic polynomials , where there is an explicit formula for the roots, solving using the decomposition often gives a simpler form.
Simplifying this further gives us the solution x = −3. It is easily checked that none of the zeros of x ( x + 1)( x + 2) – namely x = 0 , x = −1 , and x = −2 – is a solution of the final equation, so no spurious solutions were introduced.
When a partial fraction term has a single (i.e. unrepeated) binomial in the denominator, the numerator is a residue of the function defined by the input fraction. We calculate each respective numerator by (1) taking the root of the denominator (i.e. the value of x that makes the denominator zero) and (2) then substituting this root into the ...
Denoting the two roots by r 1 and r 2 we distinguish three cases. If the discriminant is zero the fraction converges to the single root of multiplicity two. If the discriminant is not zero, and |r 1 | ≠ |r 2 |, the continued fraction converges to the root of maximum modulus (i.e., to the root with the greater absolute value).
For example, 1 / 4 , 5 / 6 , and −101 / 100 are all irreducible fractions. On the other hand, 2 / 4 is reducible since it is equal in value to 1 / 2 , and the numerator of 1 / 2 is less than the numerator of 2 / 4 . A fraction that is reducible can be reduced by dividing both the numerator ...
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For example, if both the numerator and the denominator of the fraction are divisible by , then they can be written as =, =, and the fraction becomes cd / ce , which can be reduced by dividing both the numerator and denominator by c to give the reduced fraction d / e .
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