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The skin colour of amphibians is produced by three layers of pigment cells called chromatophores. These three cell layers consist of the melanophores (occupying the deepest layer), the guanophores (forming an intermediate layer and containing many granules, producing a blue-green colour) and the lipophores (yellow, the most superficial layer).
The skin is slimy and bears ringlike markings or grooves and may contain scales. [2] Modern caecilians are a clade, the order Gymnophiona / ˌ dʒ ɪ m n ə ˈ f aɪ ə n ə / (or Apoda / ˈ æ p ə d ə /), one of the three living amphibian groups alongside Anura and Urodela (salamanders).
The skin fragments that were found in their stomach are an indication that these frogs commit cannibalism or eat their own skin which is common among amphibians. Based on these results, P. pipa is an ambush predator that will opportunistically eat anything that falls into the water or that it may encounter when occasionally foraging on land. [14]
The skin becomes thicker and tougher, the lateral line system is lost, and skin glands are developed. [145] The final stage is the disappearance of the tail, but this takes place rather later, the tissue being used to produce a spurt of growth in the limbs. [ 158 ]
The majority of amphibians use cutaneous respiration, or the process of breathing through the skin. Due to the importance of the skin, amphibians are very sensitive to what goes through their permeable skin, the stratum corneum is the main skin barrier which is much thinner than other classes such as mammals or birds.
In 2020, it was confirmed that fluorescence is relatively widespread among frogs and other amphibians. [8] When exposed to ultra-violet light, the skin of the polka-dot tree frog emits a bright green fluorescent glow. The discovery was made accidentally when the researchers checked the skin secretions of the frog under UV light.
In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus described the Amphibia as: [1]. Animals that are distinguished by a body cold and generally naked; stern and expressive countenance; harsh voice; mostly lurid color; filthy odor; a few are furnished with a horrid poison; all have cartilaginous bones, slow circulation, exquisite sight and hearing, large pulmonary vessels, lobate liver ...
[2] [3] [4] They are commonly known as waterdogs and mudpuppies. [2] [3] The common mudpuppy (N. maculosus) is probably the best-known species – as an amphibian with gill slits, it is often dissected in comparative anatomy classes. The common mudpuppy has the largest distribution of any fully aquatic salamander in North America.