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Islamic geography began in the 8th century, influenced by Hellenistic geography, [2] combined with what explorers and merchants learned in their travels across the Old World (Afro-Eurasia). [1]
The spread of Islam spans almost 1,400 years. The early Muslim conquests that occurred following the death of Muhammad in 632 CE led to the creation of the caliphates, expanding over a vast geographical area; conversion to Islam was boosted by Arab Muslim forces expanding over vast territories and building imperial structures over time.
Muslim Southeast Asia refers to the areas of Southeast Asia that have significant populations of Muslims.It includes: Most parts of Indonesia including most of Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, West Nusa Tenggara, Maluku Islands and Sulawesi (Java and Sumatra alone have the majority of Indonesia's population).
The National Monument (Indonesian: Monumen Nasional, abbreviated Monas) is a 132 m (433 ft) obelisk in the centre of Merdeka Square, Central Jakarta.It is the national monument of the Republic of Indonesia, built to commemorate the struggle for Indonesian independence.
Hasyim Asy'ari was born Muhammad Hasyim in Gedang, Jombang Regency [3] on 10 April 1875. His parents were Asy'ari and Halimah. His family was deeply involved in the administrations of pesantrens (local Islamic boarding schools).