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This load represents a force that is much less than that required to make the lifting equipment fail or yield. The WLL is calculated by dividing MBL by a safety factor (SF). An example of this would be a chain that has a MBL of 2000 lbf (8.89 kN ) would have a SWL or WLL of 400 lbf (1.78 kN) if a safety factor of 5 (5:1, 5 to 1, or 1/5) is used.
This formula was derived in 1744 by the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler. [2] The column will remain straight for loads less than the critical load. The critical load is the greatest load that will not cause lateral deflection (buckling). For loads greater than the critical load, the column will deflect laterally.
A crane's rated load is its Safe Working Load (SWL) and the design load (DL) is, (p 90) [1] = The dynamic lift factor for offshore cranes in the range 10 kN < SWL ≤ 2500 kN is not less than =.(p 84) [1] Thus for a crane with a SWL of 2000 kN (~200 tonne) its design load is not less than, = = The minimum breaking load (MBL) for the combined capacity of reeves of a steel wire hoisting rope ...
In engineering, a factor of safety (FoS) or safety factor (SF) expresses how much stronger a system is than it needs to be for an intended load.Safety factors are often calculated using detailed analysis because comprehensive testing is impractical on many projects, such as bridges and buildings, but the structure's ability to carry a load must be determined to a reasonable accuracy.
Lifting equipment, also known as lifting gear, is a general term for any equipment that can be used to lift and lower loads. [1] Types of lifting equipment include heavy machinery such as the patient lift , overhead cranes , forklifts , jacks , building cradles, and passenger lifts, and can also include smaller accessories such as chains ...
The NIOSH lifting equation is a tool (now application) that can be used by health and safety professionals to assess employees who are exposed to manual lifting or handling of materials. [7] The NIOSH lifting equation is a mathematical calculation which calculates the Recommended Weight Limit (RWL) using a series of tables, variables, and ...
Otherwise methods such as virtual work, direct integration, Castigliano's method, Macaulay's method or the direct stiffness method are used. The deflection of beam elements is usually calculated on the basis of the Euler–Bernoulli beam equation while that of a plate or shell element is calculated using plate or shell theory.
Wood, steel, and other materials are still frequently designed using allowable stress design, although LRFD is probably more commonly taught in the USA university system. In mechanical engineering design such as design of pressure equipment, the method uses the actual loads predicted to be experienced in practice to calculate stress and deflection.