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List of Mars landers S.No Landers Launch date Landing date Mass (kg) [1] Landing site Region Status Country MOLA Entry velocity References 1. Mars 2MV-3 No.1: 04 Nov 1962 25 Nov 1962 890 - - Failure Soviet Union - - [2] 2. Mars 2: 19 May 1971 27 Nov 1971 1210 45°S 47°E ♦ - Failure Soviet Union - - [3] [4] 3. Mars 3: 28 May 1971 02 Dec 1971 ...
First lander to impact Mars. Deployed from Mars 2, failed to land during attempt on 27 November 1971. [7] PrOP-M: Rover Failure Lost with Mars 2: First rover launched to Mars. Lost when the Mars 2 lander crashed into the surface of Mars. 16 Mars 3: Mars 3 (4M No.172) 28 May 1971 Soviet Union: Orbiter Successful
First man-made object on Mars. No contact after crash landing. Mars 3 lander: USSR: 2 December 1971: First soft landing on Mars. Transmission began about 90 seconds after landing. [4] Transmitted a partial image for 14.5 seconds before the signal was lost. [5] Mars 6 lander: USSR: 12 March 1974
There have also been studies for a possible human mission to Mars including a landing, but none have been attempted. As of 2023, the Soviet Union, United States and China have conducted Mars landings successfully. [1] Soviet Mars 3, which landed in 1971, was the first successful Mars landing, though the spacecraft failed after 110 seconds on ...
The landing was delayed until a safer site was found, [9] and took place instead on July 20, [8] the seventh anniversary of the Apollo 11 Moon landing. [10] The lander separated from the orbiter at 08:51 UTC and landed at Chryse Planitia at 11:53:06 UTC. [11] It was the first attempt by the United States at landing on Mars. [12]
Viking 1 transmitted the first images from the surface of Mars. The Viking orbiter was active until 17 August 1980, the lander until 13 November 1982. [18] [19] Viking 2 Orbiter and Lander: Mars 9 September 1975 7 August 1976 entered orbit 3 September 1976 landed: 334 days (10 mo, 30 d) Viking 2 was the second craft to land on Mars.
The first successful flyby of Mars was on 14–15 July 1965, by NASA's Mariner 4. [22] On November 14, 1971, Mariner 9 became the first space probe to orbit another planet when it entered into orbit around Mars. [23] The amount of data returned by probes increased substantially as technology improved. [21]
Beagle 2 launched with Mars Express and was released near Mars a few days prior to its landing, after a multi-month long journey from Earth. Mars Express entered Mars orbit and has remained active ever since (as of 04 January 2023).