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  2. Random number generation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_number_generation

    Dice are an example of a mechanical hardware random number generator. When a cubical die is rolled, a random number from 1 to 6 is obtained. Random number generation is a process by which, often by means of a random number generator (RNG), a sequence of numbers or symbols is generated that cannot be reasonably predicted better than by random chance.

  3. Mersenne Twister - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mersenne_Twister

    The Mersenne Twister is a general-purpose pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) developed in 1997 by Makoto Matsumoto (松本 眞) and Takuji Nishimura (西村 拓士). [1] [2] Its name derives from the choice of a Mersenne prime as its period length.

  4. Pseudorandom number generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorandom_number_generator

    It can be shown that if is a pseudo-random number generator for the uniform distribution on (,) and if is the CDF of some given probability distribution , then is a pseudo-random number generator for , where : (,) is the percentile of , i.e. ():= {: ()}. Intuitively, an arbitrary distribution can be simulated from a simulation of the standard ...

  5. List of random number generators - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_random_number...

    Default generator in R and the Python language starting from version 2.3. Xorshift: 2003 G. Marsaglia [26] It is a very fast sub-type of LFSR generators. Marsaglia also suggested as an improvement the xorwow generator, in which the output of a xorshift generator is added with a Weyl sequence.

  6. Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographically_secure...

    The Linux kernel CSPRNG, which uses ChaCha20 to generate data, [12] and BLAKE2s to ingest entropy. [13] arc4random, a CSPRNG in Unix-like systems that seeds from /dev/random. It originally is based on RC4, but all main implementations now use ChaCha20. [14] [15] [16] CryptGenRandom, part of Microsoft's CryptoAPI, offered on Windows. Different ...

  7. Middle-square method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle-square_method

    To generate a sequence of n-digit pseudorandom numbers, an n-digit starting value is created and squared, producing a 2n-digit number. If the result has fewer than 2n digits, leading zeroes are added to compensate. The middle n digits of the result would be the next number in the sequence and returned as the result. This process is then ...

  8. Fortuna (PRNG) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna_(PRNG)

    The generator itself, which once seeded will produce an indefinite quantity of pseudo-random data. The entropy accumulator, which collects genuinely random data from various sources and uses it to reseed the generator when enough new randomness has arrived.

  9. Random.org - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random.org

    Random.org (stylized as RANDOM.ORG) is a website that produces random numbers based on atmospheric noise. [1] In addition to generating random numbers in a specified range and subject to a specified probability distribution, which is the most commonly done activity on the site, it has free tools to simulate events such as flipping coins, shuffling cards, and rolling dice.