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  2. Magnetosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere

    The magnetosphere of Jupiter is the largest planetary magnetosphere in the Solar System, extending up to 7,000,000 kilometers (4,300,000 mi) on the dayside and almost to the orbit of Saturn on the nightside. [17] Jupiter's magnetosphere is stronger than Earth's by an order of magnitude, and its magnetic moment is approximately 18,000 times ...

  3. Earth's magnetic field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_magnetic_field

    The function of longitude is zero along zero or more great circles passing through the North and South Poles; the number of such nodal lines is the absolute value of the order m. The function of latitude is zero along zero or more latitude circles; this plus the order is equal to the degree ℓ. Each harmonic is equivalent to a particular ...

  4. Magnetosphere particle motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere_particle_motion

    A simulation of a charged particle being deflected from the Earth by the magnetosphere. Thus in the "closed" model of the magnetosphere, the magnetopause boundary between the magnetosphere and the solar wind is outlined by field lines. Not much plasma can cross such a stiff boundary. [1]

  5. Dynamo theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo_theory

    The dynamo theory describes the process through which a rotating, convecting, and electrically conducting fluid can maintain a magnetic field over astronomical time scales. A dynamo is thought to be the source of the Earth's magnetic field and the magnetic fields of Mercury and the Jovian planets.

  6. Magnetic reconnection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_reconnection

    Magnetic reconnection is a breakdown of "ideal-magnetohydrodynamics" and so of "Alfvén's theorem" (also called the "frozen-in flux theorem") which applies to large-scale regions of a highly-conducting magnetoplasma, for which the Magnetic Reynolds Number is very large: this makes the convective term in the induction equation dominate in such regions.

  7. Magnetosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosome

    A human may have between 1000 and 10000 magnetic particles arranged in a cluster within an organelle with only one cell in 5000 having said organelle. Finally, the human magnetosomic organelle has an unknown function that does not involve detecting the earth's magnetic field. [citation needed]

  8. Magnetospheric electric convection field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetospheric_electric...

    The impact of the solar wind onto the magnetosphere generates an electric field within the inner magnetosphere (r < 10 a; with a the Earth's radius) - the convection field. [1] Its general direction is from dawn to dusk. The co-rotating thermal plasma within the inner magnetosphere drifts orthogonal to that field and to the geomagnetic field B o.

  9. Cosmic ray - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_ray

    Cosmic rays or astroparticles are high-energy particles or clusters of particles (primarily represented by protons or atomic nuclei) that move through space at nearly the speed of light. They originate from the Sun , from outside of the Solar System in our own galaxy, [ 1 ] and from distant galaxies. [ 2 ]