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Indira Gandhi National Open University, known as IGNOU, is a public open & distance learning university located in Delhi, India. Named after the former Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, the university was established in 1985 with a budget of ₹ 20 million, after the Parliament of India passed the Indira Gandhi National Open University Act, 1985 (IGNOU Act 1985). [4]
A critical development in 2011 has been the decision taken in principle to extend the right to education till Class X (age 16) [17] and into the preschool age range. [18] However, the government's more recent policy focus has been on the introduction of a new National Education Policy instead of an extension of the Act.
An IEP may determine the proper placement of a student in inclusive education through tests, studies, and interviews with counselors and family members. Based upon the arrangement of homework assignments, team projects, and basic communication with other students and teachers, students can then learn what works best for them.
Inclusion has different historical roots/background which may be integration of students with severe disabilities in the US (who may previously been excluded from schools or even lived in institutions) [7] [8] [9] or an inclusion model from Canada and the US (e.g., Syracuse University, New York) which is very popular with inclusion teachers who believe in participatory learning, cooperative ...
Equity and inclusion in education refers to the principle or policy that provides equal access for all learners to curriculum and programming within an educational setting. Some school boards have policies that include the terms inclusion and diversity. [1] Equity is a term sometimes confused with equality. [2]
Multicultural education focuses on an "intercultural model that advances a climate of inclusion where individual and group differences are valued." [ 6 ] Critics such as Sleeter and McLaren want increased emphasis on a critique of racism in education [ 20 ] rather than allowing the superficial exposure of cultures to be the standard.
Based on the report and recommendations of the Kothari Commission (1964–1966), the government headed by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi announced the first National Policy on Education in 1968, which called for a "radical restructuring" and proposed equal educational opportunities in order to achieve national integration and greater cultural and economic development. [3]
The Polish sample were generally satisfied with their level of social inclusion, in particular for those who are well situated economically. This was the first empirical study in Poland that measured social inclusion. [59] The study in Poland also examined the impact of the use of communication technology on perceived social inclusion and ...