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Any antiretroviral drug: Black tar heroin: Whoonga, Nyaope [8] Widespread use in South Africa. Whoonga is classically reputed to be a combination of heroin with antiretroviral drugs such as ritonavir and/or efavirenz, often combined with additional drugs such as cannabis or hashish, methamphetamine and/or methaqualone: Any deliriant or diphen ...
Istradefylline, sold under the brand name Nourianz, is a medication used as an add-on treatment to levodopa/carbidopa in adults with Parkinson's disease (PD) experiencing "off" episodes. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Istradefylline reduces "off" periods resulting from long-term treatment with the antiparkinson drug levodopa . [ 2 ]
If the combination of two drugs in combination therapy has an effect lower than the sum of the effects of the two drugs acting independently, also known as antagonistic effect, the drugs will seldom be prescribed together in the same therapy. Drug or chemical combinations with additive effects can cause adverse effects.
Caffeine can be used as a probe for three different enzymes by measuring several of its urinary metabolites and comparing their relative concentrations. The 'Cooperstown 5 + 1 cocktail', [ 2 ] in addition to the four drug probes mentioned above, incorporates warfarin as well.
Many caffeinated drinks also have decaffeinated counterparts, for those who enjoy the taste, but wish to limit their caffeine intake because of its physical effects, or due to religious or medical perceptions of the drug and its effects. In recent years, some alcoholic beverage companies have begun to manufacture caffeinated alcoholic beverages ...
The daily dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight would not cause adverse health effects in the majority of adolescent caffeine consumers. This is a conservative suggestion since older and heavier-weight adolescents may be able to consume adult doses of caffeine without experiencing adverse effects.
Caffeine is considered one of the most widely consumed drugs around the world. Around 80% of the world population consumes caffeine in one form or another. [ 2 ] It is found in coffee , tea , caffeinated alcoholic drinks , cocoa , chocolate , soft drinks , especially cola , and is an important component of energy drinks and other dietary ...
The combination was first introduced as the name Trigesic, as the formula of 125 mg paracetamol, 230 mg aspirin, and 30 mg caffeine, in July 1950 by Squibb, which is now Bristol Myers Squibb, but was recalled in the following year due to several reports that the drug might cause blood dyscrasia. [5]