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The trabecular bone score is a measure of bone texture correlated with bone microarchitecture and a marker for the risk of osteoporosis.Introduced in 2008, [1] its main projected use is alongside measures of bone density in better predicting fracture risk in people with metabolic bone problems.
A scanner used to measure bone density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone density, or bone mineral density, is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue.The concept is of mass of mineral per volume of bone (relating to density in the physics sense), although clinically it is measured by proxy according to optical density per square centimetre of bone surface upon imaging. [1]
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is the most widely used and most thoroughly studied bone density measurement technology. The DXA scan is typically used to diagnose and follow osteoporosis , as contrasted to the nuclear bone scan , which is sensitive to certain metabolic diseases of bones in which bones are trying to heal from infections ...
In particular, physical exercise can be beneficial for bone density in postmenopausal women, [143] and lead to a slightly reduced risk of a bone fracture (absolute difference 4%). [144] Weight bearing exercise has been found to cause an adaptive response in the skeleton, [145] promoting osteoblast activity and protecting bone density. [146]
Peak bone mass is the maximum amount of bone a person has during their life. [1] It typically occurs in the early 20s in females and late 20s in males. [2] Peak bone mass is typically lower in females than males, and is also lower in White people and Asians compared to black populations. [1]
The Risser sign is an indirect measure of skeletal maturity, whereby the degree of ossification of the iliac apophysis by x-ray evaluation is used to judge overall skeletal development. Mineralization of the iliac apophyses begins at the anterolateral crest and progresses medially towards the spine.
Body roundness index (BRI) is a calculated geometric index used to quantify an aspect of a person's individual body shape.Based on the principle of body eccentricity, it provides a rapid visual and anthropometric tool for health evaluation.
Senile osteoporosis has been recently recognized as a geriatric syndrome with a particular pathophysiology. There are different classification of osteoporosis: primary, in which bone loss is a result of aging and secondary, in which bone loss occurs from various clinical and lifestyle factors. [1]
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