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Under the Treaty of Versailles, Germany's colonies were divided between France, Britain, Belgium, Portugal and South Africa. The former German colonies had gained independence by the 1960s except for South West Africa which gained independence from South Africa in 1990. [113]
The Scramble for Africa [a] was the conquest and colonisation of most of Africa by seven Western European powers driven by the Second Industrial Revolution during the late 19th century and early 20th century in the era of "New Imperialism": Belgium, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal and Spain.
The principal powers involved in this scramble were Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. The French thrust into the African interior was mainly from the continent's Atlantic coast (modern-day Senegal ) eastward, through the Sahel along the southern border of the Sahara , a territory covering modern-day Senegal, Mali ...
The fateful alliance: France, Russia, and the coming of the First World War (1984) online free to borrow; covers 1890 to 1894. Keiger, John. "Jules Cambon and Franco-German Détente, 1907–1914." Historical Journal 26.3 (1983): 641–659. Keiger, John F. V. (1983). France and the origins of the First World War. Macmillan. ISBN 9780333285527.
The principal powers involved in the modern colonisation of Africa were Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain, Belgium and Italy. European rule had significant impacts on Africa's societies and the suppression of communal autonomy disrupted local customary practices and caused the irreversible transformation of Africa's socioeconomic ...
He proceeded to grant independence to France's remaining colonies in sub-Saharan Africa in 1960 in an effort to maintain close cultural and economic ties with them and to avoid more costly colonial wars. [20] Compared to the decolonisation of French Indochina and Algeria, the transfer of power in sub-Saharan Africa was, for the most part ...
Cameroon was initially colonized by the German Empire in 1884. The indigenous people of Cameroon refused to work on German related projects, which turned into force labor. However, after World War One, the colony was partitioned by France and Britain. The French colony lasted from 1916 to until self-rule was achieved in 1960. [48]
The French had established commercial ties with the indigenous peoples of the area including one of West Africa's most powerful states at the time, the Fon kingdom of Dahomey. In 1851, a Franco-Dahomean friendship treaty was ratified allowing the French to operate commercially and missionaries to enter the country. [1]