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Volga Bulgaria or Volga–Kama Bulgaria (sometimes referred to as the Volga Bulgar Emirate [2]) was a historical Bulgar [3] [4] [5] state that existed between the 9th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama River, in what is now European Russia.
The Volga flows through the East European north-western regions to the Central Asian south-western steppe regions in Povolzhyen Russia. Volga delta in Central Asia The Volga Region is almost entirely within the East European Plain , with a notable distinction contrasting the elevated western side featuring the Volga Upland , and the eastern ...
The Mediterranean Sea, between Africa and Europe The Atlantic Ocean around the plate boundaries (text is in Finnish). The African and European mainlands are non-contiguous, and the delineation between these continents is thus merely a question of which islands are to be associated with which continent.
The former territories of Volga Bulgaria were integrated into the Mongol Empire in 1236 and later became part of the lands of the Golden Horde. [2] After the collapse of Mongol rule in the region, much of the old Volga Bulgarian state became part of the new Khanate of Kazan (1438–1552), which in many ways was a continuation of Volga Bulgaria. [1]
[90] [25] [91] The Bulgars led by Kotrag migrated to the middle Volga region during the 7th and 9th centuries, where they founded Volga Bulgaria, with Bolghar as its capital. [ 25 ] [ 91 ] According to Ahmad ibn Rustah (10th century), the Volga Bulgars were divided into three branches: "the first branch was called Bersula (Barsils), the second ...
The territory of the Khanate comprised the Muslim Bulgar-populated lands of the Bolğar, Cükätäw, Kazan, and Qaşan duchies and other regions that originally belonged to Volga Bulgaria. The Volga , Kama and Vyatka were the main rivers of the khanate, as well as the major trade ways.
The powerful Volga Bulgars (cousins of today's Balkan Bulgarians) formed a seminomadic confederation and traded through the Volga river with Viking people of Rus' and Scandinavia (Swedes, Danes, Norwegians) and with the southern Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) [3] Furthermore, Volga Bulgaria, with its two cities Bulgar and Suvar east of ...
In the 7th and 8th centuries, a part of the Bulgars left for the Balkans, where, together with local Slavs, they established the state of modern Bulgaria. Another part moved to the Middle Volga Region (see Volga Bulgaria), where the Bulgar population that did not adopt Islam formed part of the ethnic foundation of the Chuvash people. [1]