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  2. Formal charge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_charge

    The formal charge is a tool for estimating the distribution of electric charge within a molecule. [1] [2] The concept of oxidation states constitutes a competing method to assess the distribution of electrons in molecules. If the formal charges and oxidation states of the atoms in carbon dioxide are compared, the following values are arrived at:

  3. Carbon dioxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide

    The symmetry of a carbon dioxide molecule is linear and centrosymmetric at its equilibrium geometry. The length of the carbon–oxygen bond in carbon dioxide is 116.3 pm, noticeably shorter than the roughly 140 pm length of a typical single C–O bond, and shorter than most other C–O multiply bonded functional groups such as carbonyls. [19]

  4. Molecular solid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_solid

    Models of the packing of molecules in two molecular solids, carbon dioxide or Dry ice (a), [1] and caffeine (c). [2] The gray, red, and purple balls represent carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen, respectively. Images of carbon dioxide (b) and caffeine (d) in the solid state at room temperature and atmosphere.

  5. Molecular model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_model

    A molecular model is a physical model of an atomistic system ... A modern plastic ball and stick model. The molecule shown ... molecular polarity and charge ...

  6. Molecular orbital diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital_diagram

    Carbon dioxide, CO 2, is a linear molecule with a total of sixteen bonding electrons in its valence shell. Carbon is the central atom of the molecule and a principal axis, the z-axis, is visualized as a single axis that goes through the center of carbon and the two oxygens atoms.

  7. Ball-and-stick model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball-and-stick_model

    A plastic ball-and-stick model of proline. In chemistry, the ball-and-stick model is a molecular model of a chemical substance which displays both the three-dimensional position of the atoms and the bonds between them. [1] The atoms are typically represented by spheres, connected by rods which represent the bonds.

  8. Water model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_model

    A water model is defined by its geometry, together with other parameters such as the atomic charges and Lennard-Jones parameters. In computational chemistry, a water model is used to simulate and thermodynamically calculate water clusters, liquid water, and aqueous solutions with explicit solvent, often using molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo methods.

  9. Space-filling model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space-filling_model

    A space-filling model of n-octane, the straight chain (normal) hydrocarbon composed of 8 carbons and 18 hydrogens, formulae: CH 3 CH 2 (CH 2) 4 CH 2 CH 3 or C 8 H 18.Note, the representative shown is of a single conformational "pose" of a population of molecules, which, because of low Gibbs energy barriers to rotation about its carbon-carbon bonds (giving the carbon "chain" great flexibility ...