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A cedilla (/ s ɪ ˈ d ɪ l ə / sih-DIH-lə; from Spanish cedilla, "small ceda", i.e. small "z"), or cedille (from French cédille, pronounced), is a hook or tail (¸) added under certain letters (as a diacritical mark) to indicate that their pronunciation is modified.
Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.
Hubert Selby Jr. used a slash instead of an apostrophe mark for contractions and did not use an apostrophe at all for possessives. Lewis Carroll made greater use of apostrophes, and frequently used sha'n't, with an apostrophe in place of the elided ll as well as the more usual o. [95] [96] These authors' usages have not become widespread.
In French, elision (élision) is the suppression of a final unstressed vowel (usually /ə/) immediately before another word beginning with a vowel or a silent h . The term also refers to the orthographic convention by which the deletion of a vowel is reflected in writing, and indicated with an apostrophe .
Timothy Pulju, a senior lecturer in linguistics at Dartmouth College, said that until the 17th or 18th century, the possessive of proper names ending in S — such as Jesus or Moses — often was ...
In fact, apostrophes have some of the most confusing grammar rules in the English language. When to use an apostrophe. Combining words. Contractions, or shortened groups of words, use the ...
Dictionaries produced in Israel use the IPA rarely and sometimes use the Hebrew alphabet for transcription of foreign words. [note 15] Bilingual dictionaries that translate from foreign languages into Russian usually employ the IPA, but monolingual Russian dictionaries occasionally use pronunciation respelling for foreign words.
For example, Italian Braille uses the old French quotation marks ⠦ ⠀ ⠴ and asterisk ⠔, but also shifted the old French parentheses ⠶ ⠀ ⠶ to brackets and innovated ⠢ ⠀ ⠔ for parentheses; in addition, it uses point 3, ⠄, for both apostrophe and full stop / period. A sample of Moon type in various languages including French.