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German physicist Heinrich Hertz first demonstrated the existence of radio waves in 1887 using what we now know as a dipole antenna (with capacitative end-loading). On the other hand, Guglielmo Marconi empirically found that he could just ground the transmitter (or one side of a transmission line, if used) dispensing with one half of the antenna, thus realizing the vertical or monopole antenna.
Simulating the end-fed half-wave (EFHW) dipole antenna VK3IL - Multiband end-fed 80-10m antenna - NEC2 model file of a "MyAntennas EFHW-8010 " multi-band antenna. Other retail books (such as The ARRL Antenna Book, Marcel De Canck's Advanced Antenna Modeling, and others) also include antenna model files.
A coaxial antenna (often known as a coaxial dipole) is a particular form of a half-wave dipole antenna, most often employed as a vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna. History [ edit ]
Typical antenna parameters are gain, bandwidth, radiation pattern, beamwidth, polarization, impedance; These are imperative communicative means. The antenna pattern is the response of the antenna to a plane wave incident from a given direction or the relative power density of the wave transmitted by the antenna in a given direction. For a ...
The monopole antenna is essentially one half of the half-wave dipole, a single 1 / 4 wavelength element with the other side connected to ground or an equivalent ground plane (or counterpoise). Monopoles, which are one-half the size of a dipole, are common for long-wavelength radio signals where a dipole would be impractically large.
Note that at zero spacing we obtain the self-impedance of a half-wave dipole, 73 + j43 Ω. When a passive radiator is placed close (less than a quarter wavelength distance) to the driven dipole, it interacts with the near field, in which the phase-to-distance relation is not governed by propagation delay, as would be the case in the far field ...
Drawing of a Yagi–Uda VHF television antenna used for analog channels 2–4, 54–72 MHz (U.S. channels). It has four parasitic elements: three directors (to left) and one reflector (to right) and one driven element which is a folded dipole (double rod) connected to a 300 Ω twin lead feedline down the mast to the television set.
Often random wire antennas are also (inaccurately) referred to as long-wire antennas.There is no accepted minimum size, but actual long-wire antennas must be greater than at least a quarter-wavelength ( 1 / 4 λ) or perhaps greater than a half ( 1 / 2 λ) at the frequency the long wire antenna is used for, and even a half-wave may only be considered "long-ish" rather than "truly ...