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Molecular orbitals are said to be degenerate if they have the same energy. For example, in the homonuclear diatomic molecules of the first ten elements, the molecular orbitals derived from the p x and the p y atomic orbitals result in two degenerate bonding orbitals (of low energy) and two degenerate antibonding orbitals (of high energy). [13]
In chemistry, a diradical is a molecular species with two electrons occupying molecular orbitals (MOs) which are degenerate. [1] [2] The term "diradical" is mainly used to describe organic compounds, where most diradicals are extremely reactive and non-Kekulé molecules that are rarely isolated.
Octahedral crystal field stabilization energy. Degenerate atomic d-orbitals of a free metal ion (left), destabilization of d-orbitals within a spherical negative electric field (center), and loss of degeneracy relative to the spherical field when ligands are treated as point charges in an octahedral geometry.
Electrons in non-bonding orbitals tend to be associated with atomic orbitals that do not interact positively or negatively with one another, and electrons in these orbitals neither contribute to nor detract from bond strength. [16] Molecular orbitals are further divided according to the types of atomic orbitals they are formed from. Chemical ...
However, when the frontier molecular orbitals are degenerate or nearly degenerate, the lowest-energy singlet state wavefunction must account for multiple electronic configurations (see electronic correlation). Thus, is most accurately represented as a combination of Slater determinants.
The three dumbbell-shaped p-orbitals have equal energy and are oriented mutually perpendicularly (or orthogonally). The p-orbitals oriented in the z-direction (p z) can overlap end-on forming a bonding (symmetrical) σ orbital and an antibonding σ* molecular orbital. In contrast to the sigma 1s MO's, the σ 2p has some non-bonding electron ...
This spin is due to two unpaired electrons, as a result of Hund's rule which favors the single filling of degenerate orbitals. The triplet consists of three states with spin components +1, 0 and –1 along the direction of the total orbital angular momentum, which is also 1 as indicated by the letter P.
In quantum mechanics, an energy level is degenerate if it corresponds to two or more different measurable states of a quantum system. Conversely, two or more ...