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Many early women on Antarctica were the wives of explorers. [7] Some women worked with Antarctica from afar, crafting policies for a place they had never seen. [2] Women who wished to have larger roles in Antarctica and on the continent itself had to "overcome gendered assumptions about the ice and surmount bureaucratic inertia". [8]
Ann Peoples became the manager of the Berg Field Center in 1986, becoming the first U.S. woman to serve in a "significant leadership role." [38] 1987. Elizabeth Chipman publishes Women on the Ice: A History of Women in the Far South. [15] 1988. American Lisa Densmore is the first woman to summit Mount Vinson. [39] 1987-1988
Death penalty opponents regard the death penalty as inhumane [207] and criticize it for its irreversibility. [208] They argue also that capital punishment lacks deterrent effect, [ 209 ] [ 210 ] [ 211 ] or has a brutalization effect, [ 212 ] [ 213 ] discriminates against minorities and the poor, and that it encourages a "culture of violence ...
Jennie Darlington (née Zobrist, 1924–2017) was an American explorer and, with Jackie Ronne, one of the first women to overwinter on Antarctica, during the winter of 1947-1948. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] She and Ronne were part of a team that re-occupied a former U.S. station (from the U.S. Antarctic Service Expedition in 1939) on Stonington Island in 1946.
Ingrid Christensen (1891–1976), early polar explorer, first woman to land on the Antarctic mainland or at least view land in Antarctica (1931) Karen Kyllesø (born 2003), youngest person to ski solo and unassisted to the South Pole in January, 2025 [1] Lillemor Rachlew (1902–1983), one of the first women to set foot on the Antarctic ...
Capital punishment is retained in law by 55 UN member states or observer states, with 140 having abolished it in law or in practice.The most recent legal executions performed by nations and other entities with criminal law jurisdiction over the people present within its boundaries are listed below.
A Provisional Irish Republican Army member was sentenced to death for murder before abolition was extended across the UK. European Union human-rights protocols signed in 1999 abolished the death penalty in EU nations, but the UK is no longer an EU member. [18] 1998 Mahmood Hussein Mattan, convicted and hanged 1952, conviction quashed 1998. [19]
Patricia Hepinstall at the McMurdo Station. The first women to fly to Antarctica were the American flight attendants Patricia (Pat) Hepinstall of Holyoke, Colorado, U.S. and Ruth Kelley of Houston, Texas, U.S. who were members of the crew on the Pan American flight which landed at the US McMurdo Station on October 15, 1957.