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This civil war, along with the Berke–Hulagu war and the subsequent Kaidu–Kublai war, greatly weakened the authority of the great khan over the entirety of the Mongol Empire, and the empire fractured into four khanates: the Golden Horde in Eastern Europe, the Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia, the Ilkhanate in Iran, and the Yuan dynasty [a ...
By 1294, the empire had fractured into four autonomous khanates, including the Golden Horde in the northwest, the Chagatai Khanate in the middle, the Ilkhanate in the southwest, and the Yuan dynasty [a] in the east based in modern-day Beijing, although the Yuan emperors held the nominal title of Khagan of the empire.
Khanates and khaganates were organised tribally, where leaders gained power on the support and loyalty of their warrior subjects, [3] gaining tribute from subordinates as realm funding. [6] In comparison to a khanate, a khaganate, the realm of a khagan , was a large nomadic state maintaining subjugation over numerous smaller khanates. [ 7 ]
The borders of the historic condominium of Moresnet.Moresnet is colored blue, the Netherlands orange, Belgium yellow, and Prussia green.. An early instance of four political divisions meeting at a point is the Four Shire Stone in Moreton-in-Marsh, England (attested in the Domesday Book, 1086, [6] [7] and mentioned since 969 if not 772 [8]); until 1931, it was the meeting point of the English ...
Distinct Land Borders: Refers to the number of separate geographic boundaries a country shares with its neighbors. A single country may have multiple distinct land borders with the same neighbour (e.g., due to enclaves, exclaves, or disconnected regions). Distinct Land Neighbours: Refers to the number of unique countries a nation borders via land.
The Mediterranean Sea, between Africa and Europe The Atlantic Ocean around the plate boundaries (text is in Finnish). The African and European mainlands are non-contiguous, and the delineation between these continents is thus merely a question of which islands are to be associated with which continent.
Below are separate lists of countries and dependencies with their land boundaries, and lists of which countries and dependencies border oceans and major seas.The first short section describes the borders or edges of continents and oceans/major seas.
The Crimean Khanate, [b] self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, [7] [c] and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, [d] was a Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441–1783, the longest-lived of the Turkic khanates that succeeded the empire of the Golden Horde.