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However, if contact with the aerosol is prolonged the skin will freeze further and deeper layers of tissue will be affected, causing a more serious burn that reaches the dermis, destroys nerves, and increases the risk of infection and scarring. [6] When the skin thaws, pain and severe discomfort can occur in the affected area. [7]
Frostnip is similar to frostbite, but without ice crystal formation in the skin. Whitening of the skin and numbness reverse quickly after rewarming. Trench foot is damage to nerves and blood vessels that results from exposure to cold wet (non-freezing) conditions. [17] This is reversible if treated early.
Chemical burns may occur through direct contact on body surfaces, including skin and eyes, via inhalation, and/or by ingestion. Substances that diffuse efficiently in human tissue, e.g., hydrofluoric acid , sulfur mustard , and dimethyl sulfate , may not react immediately, but instead produce the burns and inflammation hours after the contact.
Skin effects from ionizing radiation depend on the amount of exposure to the area, with hair loss seen after 3 Gy, redness seen after 10 Gy, wet skin peeling after 20 Gy, and necrosis after 30 Gy. [43] Redness, if it occurs, may not appear until some time after exposure. [43] Radiation burns are treated the same as other burns. [43]
Depending on the level of contamination, mustard agent burns can vary between first and second degree burns. They can also be as severe, disfiguring, and dangerous as third degree burns. Some 80% of sulfur mustard in contact with the skin evaporates, while 10% stays in the skin and 10% is absorbed and circulated in the blood. [3]
Giant hogweed sap can make skin extremely sensitive to the sun, causing third-degree burns in a short period of time. This can blind people if it gets in an eye. If you encounter the plant, don't ...
A hydrofluoric acid burn is a chemical burn from hydrofluoric acid. [1] Where it contacts the skin it results in significant pain, swelling, redness, and skin breakdown. [1] [2] If the fumes are breathed in swelling of the upper airway and bleeding may occur. [2] Complications can include electrolyte, heart, lung, kidney, and neurological ...
[4] [3] Loss of consciousness is very common immediately after a strike. [7] Lightning burns result from energy caused by lightning strikes, and are characterized by a unique pattern of skin lesions. These tree-like lesions resemble feathering or ferning, and are also called Lichtenberg figures. [8]