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Brahmagupta (c. 598 – c. 668 AD) was the first Indian scholar to describe gravity as an attractive force: [38] [39] [failed verification] [40] [41] [failed verification] The earth on all its sides is the same; all people on the earth stand upright, and all heavy things fall down to the earth by a law of nature, for it is the nature of the ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 26 February 2025. Indian mathematician and astronomer (598–668) Brahmagupta Born c. 598 CE Bhillamala, Gurjaradesa, Chavda kingdom (modern day Bhinmal, Rajasthan, India) Died c. 668 CE (aged c. 69–70) Ujjain, Chalukya Empire (modern day Madhya Pradesh, India) Known for Rules for computing with Zero ...
The publication of the law has become known as the "first great unification", as it marked the unification of the previously described phenomena of gravity on Earth with known astronomical behaviors. [1] [2] [3] This is a general physical law derived from empirical observations by what Isaac Newton called inductive reasoning. [4]
Based on Aristotelian physics, Scholastic physics described things as moving according to their essential nature. Celestial objects were described as moving in circles, because perfect circular motion was considered an innate property of objects that existed in the uncorrupted realm of the celestial spheres. Motions below the lunar sphere were ...
The "first great unification" was Isaac Newton's 17th century unification of gravity, which brought together the understandings of the observable phenomena of gravity on Earth with the observable behaviour of celestial bodies in space. [2] [4] [5] His work is credited with laying the foundations of future endeavors for a grand unified theory.
The first observation of a decrease in orbital period due to the emission of gravitational waves was made by Hulse and Taylor, using the binary pulsar PSR1913+16 they had discovered in 1974. This was the first detection of gravitational waves, albeit indirect, for which they were awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize in physics. [98]
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Although it has been said that the apple story is a myth and that he did not arrive at his theory of gravity at any single moment, [231] acquaintances of Newton (such as William Stukeley, whose manuscript account of 1752 has been made available by the Royal Society) do in fact confirm the incident, though not the apocryphal version that the ...