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Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory interface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin. They are superficially similar to reptiles like lizards , but unlike reptiles and other amniotes , require access to water bodies to breed.
The skin is slimy and bears ringlike markings or grooves and may contain scales. [ 2 ] Modern caecilians are a clade , the order Gymnophiona / ˌ dʒ ɪ m n ə ˈ f aɪ ə n ə / (or Apoda / ˈ æ p ə d ə / ), one of the three living amphibian groups alongside Anura ( frogs ) and Urodela ( salamanders ).
The origin of the order name Anura—and its original spelling Anoures—is the Ancient Greek alpha privative prefix ἀν-(an-from ἀ-before a vowel) 'without', [6] and οὐρά (ourá) 'animal tail'. [7] meaning "tailless". It refers to the tailless character of these amphibians. [8] [9] [10] The origins of the word frog are uncertain and ...
The average mass is 22.7 g (0.80 oz); the female is usually slightly larger than the male. [2] Captive common frog tadpoles eating a crushed garden snail Male during breeding season showing the nuptial pad, white throat and a blue grey hue over the normal black and brown skin Common frog mass spawning event in the wild
Once ready, the female deposits the eggs in a safe location, usually on the underside of a rock or log. [7] They can lay from 20 to 200 eggs, [4] usually an average of 60. [6] The eggs are not pigmented and are about 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) mm in diameter. The female stays with her eggs during the incubation period (around 40 days).
The male remains in the brood site awaiting a female. When a female approaches, the male guides or drives her into his burrow and prevents her from leaving until she oviposits. [15] Female hellbenders lay 150–200 eggs over a two- to three-day period; the eggs are 18–20 mm (0.71–0.79 in) in diameter, connected by five to ten cords.
The majority of amphibians use cutaneous respiration, or the process of breathing through the skin. Due to the importance of the skin, amphibians are very sensitive to what goes through their permeable skin, the stratum corneum is the main skin barrier which is much thinner than other classes such as mammals or birds.
A single newt female can produce hundreds of eggs. For instance, the warty newt can produce 200–300 eggs (Bradford 2017). After courtship rituals of varying complexity, which take place in ponds or slow-moving streams, the male newt transfers a spermatophore, which is taken up by the female. Fertilized eggs are laid singly and are usually ...