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The above allophony notwithstanding, the vowels [e] and [o] must be accorded phonemic status, as they occur in native words in all Malay dialects and in Arabic, Persian, Portuguese, English, Dutch, and Javanese loan words, and in foreign names. Word-final [e] and [o] are rare in Malay, except for loanwords, like teko (teapot, from Hokkien ...
The Malay alphabet has a phonemic orthography; words are spelled the way they are pronounced, with a notable defectiveness: /ə/ and /e/ are both written as E/e.The names of the letters, however, differ between Indonesia and rest of the Malay-speaking countries; while Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore follow the letter names of the English alphabet, Indonesia largely follows the letter names of ...
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Malay (Malaysian and Indonesian) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
The Malay language has many loanwords from Sanskrit, Persian, Tamil, Greek, Latin, Portuguese, Dutch, Siam (Old Thailand), Korean, Deutsch and Chinese languages such as Hokkien, Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka. More recently, loans have come from Arabic, English and Malay's sister languages, Javanese and Sundanese.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Malayalam pronunciations. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters .
/r/ in Standard Malay is barely articulated in almost all of the Malay dialects in Malaysia. Usually it is uttered as guttural R at initial and medial position of a word. See Malay phonology: Terengganu: Negeri Sembilan [ɣamai̯] Pahang [ɣamɛ̃ː] Sarawak [ɣamɛː] Mandarin Chinese: Central Mandarin (Dongping dialect) 俺 /ngǎn [ɣän ...
An independent vowel letter is used as the first letter of a word that begins with a vowel. A consonant letter, despite its name, does not represent a pure consonant, but represents a consonant + a short vowel /a/ by default. For example, ക is the first consonant letter of the Malayalam alphabet, which represents /ka/, not a simple /k/.
Pahang Malay is known for its sharp rise and fall of tone and quick flowing accent. It exhibits a number of differences from the Standard Malay, particularly in phonology and vocabulary. [3] Even though it shares many similarities with standard Malay, the dialect in its purest form remains unintelligible to standard Malay speakers.